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THE 

MISSOURI HAND-BOOK, 

EMBRACING A FULL DESCREPTrON OF 

THE STATE OF MISSOUKI; 

HER AGUrClTLTURAL, MINERALOGIC AL AND GEOLOGICAL CTIAIl- 

. ACTKU; IIEIt W'ATE,: COURSES, TIJlP.Ell LANDS, SOIL ^UiD 
CLIJIATK; THE VARIOUS UAIbROAD LINES CCiPLETED, 
IN l'i:OOiiESS AND PitOJEGXEU, WITH THE DIS- 
TANCES ON EACH; AND DESCIUPTION OF EACH 
COUNTY IN THE STATE; 

THE ESVIANC8PATB0N ORDONANCE, 

IMPORTANT FACTS CONCEKNTNO FRF:E MISSOCBI. 

INFORMATION FOR C APITALISTS ANI> IMMIGRANTS 

RESPECTINa THB 

LOCATION OF VALUABLE MINES AND JNONEBAL LANDS; THE 

SELECTION AM> ENTRY OF COVEUNMENT LANDS; THE 

HOMESTEAD LA ,V : GIIAPE CULTURE, STOClC 

RAISING, &C., &C. 

BY NATHAN H. PARKER, 

AnthoT of ' ' Missouri As It Is in 1865, " " Geological Map of Mlssonrl," 
"Iowa As It 1.4," Sectional and Geological JMap of Iowa," Hand- 
books of /owa, Minnesota, Kansas, Nebraska. &o. 

y ■ . - 



/ -- 



SAINT LOUIS: 

P. M. PINOKARD, ¥0S. 78 AND 80 PIOTS STREET. 

1865. 



Wintered accorrTing: to Act of Congress, in the year 1865, by 

NATHAN H. PABKER, 

In tbe Clerk ' s Office of the Diatrict Court, for the Eastern District of Missouri . 



PHINTED BY 
P.M. PINCKABO, 

78 « 80 PINE ST. 



•M 



ENDORSEMENT BY THE GOVEMOR. 



'^I will aid you. Tnithfiilly illustrate our soil, mines, 
timber and water-power, and toiling millions, who shall 
find homes and wealth in Missoari, will bless you. 

" TnOS. C. FLETCnEB." 



ENDORSEMENT BY THE 

STATE BOAKD OF IMMIGRATIOK 



" Hesolved, That, having examined the manuscript of 
a work now in press, hj N'athan H. Parker, entitled, 
^TiiE Missouri IIand-Book,' this Board is of opinion 
that the work is eminently truthful and coiTeet in its 
representations of the leading features of the resources 
of this State ; and that the Secretary bo directed to 
ascertain from Mr. Parker what number of copies he can 
furnish the Board, of the first edition, and to secure at 
once at least one thousand copies." — Extract from Min- 
utes of meeting held March 28, 18G5. 



PREFACE. 



The State of Missouri holds out to lojal, ener- 
getic immigrants such inducements as no other State 
in the Union can boast. Her agricultural, mineral 
and manufacturing resources are inexhaustible, her 
advantages unparalleled, and her claims upon the 
attention of every class of the energetic, the in- 
dustrious, and the ambitious are as peremptory as 
they are vast. We have here mountains of iron, 
innumerable veins of lead ore ; the best varieties of 
marble and building stone throughout the State; 
timber-land in great variety ; both hill and valley, 
prairie soil, bluff and dell, which, in point of fertility, 
is second to none in the world, while almost every 
mineral of any economical value exists in immense 
deposits. Yet there is a deplorable scarcity of such 
published information as shall properly set forth 
these latent sources of wealth, and furnish a reliable 
guide for the purchaser or settler in the selection 
of a locality adapted to his wants. The Missouri 
Hand-Book is designed to supply this want. To 
place this information within the reach of all who 
may be directing their attention to this State, it has 
been condensed into the present brief space. Those 
who desire more full detailed description of the 
State- are referred to " Missouri As It Is in 1865," 



PREFACE 



by tlie same author, now in press, (J. R Lippincott 
& Co., Philadelphia,) a work of about 500 pages, 
octavo. Owing to the important changes being 
wrought in this State, and with a view to make this 
Ilkistrated Historical Gazetteer as complete as 
possible, and to fully answer the purposes for 
which it v/as designed, its publication has been de- 
ferred a few weeks. Those particularly interested in 
the mineral wealth of the State will find " Parker's 
Geological Map of Missouri '''' (just issued) very 
full and reliable, 

If this Hand-Book shall tend to throw a light over 
the immigrant's path, or serve to eradicate or lessen 
whatever of misconception or of prejudice may 
have existed in the minds of strangers — if, as the 
fruit of his labors, the author shall be able to induce 
others to join the mighty host that even now is 
swarming to Missouri, by representing the State, 
her resources and advantages, in a true light before 
the world, and to assign to Missouri that lofty rank 
among the States which she must soon attain and 
fore\'er hold— he will feel that he has not labored 
in vain. 

That this work may aid in the advancement of 
this iLoble State, and assist in the development of 
the fortunes of those whose enterprise leads them 
to seek, in her exhaustless mines and fertile fields, 
a sphere of action wortliy the largest capital and 
highest genius, is the earnest desire of 

THE AUTHOE. 

St. Louis, May 15, 1865. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



VAQEi 

THE CALL FROM MISSOURI ^ ^ . ^^ 9 

GENERAL VIEW OF THE STATE. 11 

THE WAR m MISSOURI » ;..;..... 22 

PRESENT CONDITION AND FUTURE PROSPECTS OF MISSOURI.. 24 

EMANCIPATION ORDINANCE , 24 

MISSOURI'S JUBILEE— GOV. FLETCHER'S ADDRESS 25 

PROCLAMATION OF FREEDOM 23 

INAUGURATION OF THE NEAV ERA 29 

GOV. FLETCHER'S INAUGURAL ADDRESS 30 

ADVANTAGES AND RESOURCES OF MISSOURI 31 

THE HARMONY OF LABOR AND CAPITAL 33 

THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF LOYALTY 31 

IMMIGRATION 37 

OUR RAILROAD SYSTEM 39 

PUBLIC LANDS— THE HOJVIESTEAD LAW 41 

A WORD OF ADVICE TO LAND BUYERS 43 

TABLE OF POPULATION AND UNENTERED LAND - 45 

TIMBER AND WATER-POWER -".--.. 47 

MINERAL RESOURCES OF MISSOUTII 50 

GRAPE CULTURE 57 

PRAIRIE FARMING IN NORTHERN MISSOURI 61 

STOCK RAISING 64 

SUGAR M.VKENG -. 66 

RAILWAYS IN MISSOURI 68 

RAILWAY AND RIVER DISTANCES 73 

DESCRIPTION OF COUNTIES, AlphabeticaUy Arranged, from 81 to 162 



THE CALL FROM MISSOURI. 



Hark 1 TioTrtho voice of our joyful Missouri 

Rings o'er tlie land to the rich and the poor ': 
"Ho I yo who seek for a homo and for fortune, 

Enter yo in at my wido-opon door. 
Broad are my fields that but wait for your sowing 

Harvests to yield that will weary your hand ; 
Steady, untiring, my rivers are flowing, 

Bearing their wealth through the heart of the land. 

Solid and firm is my rock-built foundation, 

Ready for use to your patience and skill ; 
Lead I can givo you, enough for the nation, 

Bring but your strong arms, your resolute will. 
Break out the iron from my rough-brcastod mountain. 

Lift the dark coal from the earth where it lies; 
Strike the hard crust, and the wealth-giving fountain 

Out of my oil-beds unfailing will rise. 

Who knows the treasures that wait for your mining? 

Hid in my arms — I have kept them for you. 
Bright in the darkness the silver is shining, 

Copper gleams redly the quartz crystals through. 
Oh I I have held them safe hid in my keeping, 

Covered my wild flowers over their rest. 
Wake to the daylight the wealth that lies sleeping, 

Sleeping for you in my earth's quiet breast. 



X . THE CALL FROM MISSOURI. 

O'er my broad acres no slave-driver's lashes 

Ever shall startle the echoes again ; 
On the deep grave where lie slavery's ashes, 

On my free soil to-day, stand my free men 
Lahor is noble Aye, labor is glory ! 

Mountain and valley ring out the glad song; 
All my broad rivers take up the same story, 

Singing it still as they hurry along. 

Wide rolling prairie, like waves of the ocean, 

Laughing with plenty for hands that will toilj 
Broad, shady woods, 'mid whoso wind-given motion 

Sunlight comes dancing down over the soil ; 
Hill-slope and rlver-sidc, mountain and valley, 

Choose ye your homes where ye like them the best; 
Strong arms, and sinewy, up then and rally, 

Rally for homes to the Queen of the West I" 

A. E. 



GENEllAL VIEW OF USSOTJRL 



The Stato of Missouri lies (with the exception of a 
small projection at the south-east corner, between tho 
St. Frangois and the Mississippi rivers,) between 36° 
SO' and 40° 36' north latitude, and between 89° 10' 
and 96° west longitude, being about 318 miles in its 
greatest length from east to west, and 280 in width from 
north to south. The Stato contains 67,380 square miles, 
or 43,123,200 acres of land, of which 35,000,000 are most 
valuable and are classified as follows : 8,000,000 acres are 
good hemp lands, 5,000,000 are best grape lands, 20,000,. 
000 acres arc adapted to corn, wheat, tobacco, grass, 
etc, the common products of the farm, and 2,000,000 
acres of them are mining lands. 

In the order of area, Missouri is the fifth Stato in the 
Union. Texas, California, Oregon and Minnesota are 
the only larger ones. In the relative ratio of increase 
from 1810 to 1860, Missouri is the eighth; in 1820, she 
was the twenty-third, when Virginia was the second, 
and in 1860 dropped to be the fifth. Ohio, Illinois and 
Indiana are the only new States excelling Missouri in 
ratio of increase up to 1860. Now that freedom is irre- 
vocably ordained for Missouri, she will doubtless take 
higher rank in the next censes than several of her 
present predecessors. 



12 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

The Mississippi river is nearly 3,200 miles long, and 
washes the eastern border of the State for 470 miles, and 
is navigable to the Falls of St. Anthony. 

The Missouri River rises in the Eocky Mountains, near 
the sources of the Columbia, 3,096 miles from its entrance 
into the Mississippi, the last 500 miles of its course is 
within the Stute of Missouri. It is navigable about 2,500 
miles above the city of St. Joseph. The trough through 
which its waters flow is from four to five miles wide, and 
is bounded by lime-stone hills from 100 to 300 feet high. 
Nearly all of its bottom lands are on its north bank, and 
not ordinarily subject to inundation. It is rapid, and 
can only be readily ascended by steam power. Its tribu- 
taries on the south are the Gasconade and Osage rivers. 
The principal tributaries on the north side are the Chari- 
ton and Gi-and Elvers, both navigable at times, and 
composed of very numerous branches, which, with the 
Platte, Nodaway and other rivers thoroughly water and 
drain the richest agricultural portion of the State, prin- 
cipally rolling prairie, conveniently interspersed with an 
ample supply'- of timber, coal and rock. 

The Valley of the Missouri is the last great river valley 
to be settled west of the Mississippi, between that and 
the Eocky Mountains. Its healthy climate, rich soil and 
immense mineral wealth, claims, and is receiving, the 
earnest attention of millions " westward bound." Direct- 
ly in the most favored "^ path of Empire," it is now ready 
and generously invites all to come and occupy. Evi- 
dently it is the next great focus in which emigration will 
concentrate. 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOUEI. 13 

The Missouri river divides the State of Missouri into 
two nearly equal parts, having very different phj^sical 
characteristics. Immediately south of the river the soil 
is excellent and well adapted for general agriculture, but 
the greater part of the southern portion is hilly, broken 
and mountainous, generally unproductive, although it 
supports a magnificent growth of yellow pine, valuable 
for lumber. The intervening valleys are fertile, but of 
small extent. In the south-eastern part ai'e lai"ge tracts 
of marshy and inundated lands. 

This State possesses some of the most prominent geo- 
graphical features of the western country, and from the 
meeting of such mighty streams on its confines, and its 
relation to all the country situated north and west of it, 
Professor Schoolcraft predicts "it must become the key 
to all the commerce of those regions, and is destined to 
Lave a commanding influence on the surrounding States, 
and on the political character and mutations of that 
country." Drawing a line on the map, from the mouth 
of the Lamine Eiver, in Cooper county, due south to its 
intersection of the State boundary line, where Whito 
Kiver leaves the State, we will create a " datum line," 
dividing the eastern from the western part of Missouri, 
from the fact that the two sections differ in their geo- 
graphical, geological and topographical features. What 
is known as the "Ozark Eange" or Eidge, is the elevated 
table land, which, leaving the eastern branch of the 
Sierra Madre at Long's Peak in latitude 40° 20', longi- 
tude 105° 4ry, runs south until it heads the South Fork 
of the Platte, becomes the main divide between the 



14 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

waters -whieli flow north to the Nebraska, east into the 
Missouri, and those which flow into the Mississippi by 
the Arkansas. The northern branch passes into this 
State, between the head waters of the Osage and the 
small streams which empty directly into the Missouri, 
This Eidge continues until it reaches the head waters of 
the Lamine, and then again divides — its main branch, 
passing south of all the branches of the Lamine, is the 
" divide" between that stream and the waters of the 
Osage, and after running toward the Yalley of the Mis- 
souri, there loses itself between the mouth of the Lamine 
and the Osage rivers. The southern branch of the prin- 
cipal Eidge, pass-ing between the heads of the Osage on 
the east, and the streams which em])ty into the Arkan- 
sas enters the State in Jasper county, 110 miles south of 
the mouth of the Kansas, becomes what is designated 
upon topographical maps " the Ozark Eange." Possess- 
ing no feature or characteristic of a mountain, this 
Ridge, as it progresses east, becomes the most remarka- 
ble feature in the topography of the State. It is the 
dividing ridge between the waters of the Missouri on its 
northern slope, and those of the Mississippi on its south- 
ern, from its inception at Long's Peak to its terminus on 
the banks of the Mississippi. From Long's Peak to the 
assumed " datum line," this Ridge is celebrated for its 
])am])as or prairies, its long gentle slopes, continuous 
directions, and the great breadth and uniformity of its 
summit level ; from the same line east to the Mississippi 
river, it is equally remarkable for the reverse of these 
features. This Ridge, as it approaches the heads of tho 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MSSOURI. 15 

Gasconade and Current rivers, retakes the character it 
had abandoned at Long's Peak, and retains it through- 
out the eastern section. It may not be out of place to 
follow this ridge; crossing the Mississippi at Grand 
Tower, it is cut through by that river, also by the Big 
Muddy of Illinois, is again severed by the Ohio at Gol- 
conda, and passing through Kentucky, merges itself into 
the Cumberland Mountain, between the heads of the 
Kentucky Eiver and Big Sandy on the north, and the 
Cumberland Eiver on the south. 

East of the "datum line" this ridge becomes broken, 
irregular and mountainous, as it approaches the head of 
the Piney, ^Maramec, Indian Creek and Big rivers on the 
north, and Eleven Points, Current, Black and St. Fran- 
cois on the south, it becomes more and more broken, 
irregular and ill-defined j as it approaches the scat of 
volcanic action, near those most wonderful natural 
objects, the Iron Mountain and Pilot Knob, where the 
Eidgc proper loses itself in a strange anomoly — a valley 
on one of the highest ridges in the State ! The moun- 
tains which form this valley rise up from the summit of 
this ridge, mostly of metaliferous formations, generally 
covered with a mixed growth of timber. W. E. Single- 
ton, Esq., civil engincei", says: "The autumn scenery of 
the West is celebrated in song and on canvas j but I am 
satisfied neither harp, pen or pencil could portray one- 
tenth of the beauties of that one glance, as I surmounted 
the Eidge, from the summit of which, b}^ one coup-d'ail 
my soul drank in all the beauties of the Bellevue Valley." 
Mr. S. says : "From a personal and instrumental exam- 



IG THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

ination, this has been pronounced a more remarkable 
country than any within the United States. Hence, in 
my examination of its geological features, when com- 
pared with those of the Sierra Madre, I unhesitatingly 
pronounce.it to have been subjected to the same volcanic 
influences, although in a milder form. The character- 
istic rocks arc identical with those of Long's Peak and 
those of the Sierra Madre." Since the return from the 
Rocky Mountain gold regions to south-east Missouri of 
persons who have noticed the similarity in the geological 
features of the two sections, explorations have been 
made which indicate that there are very rich and extensive 
mines of gold in southeast Missouri. (See geological map 
of Missouri for locations.) The southern slope of tho 
main or Ozark Eidgc from the datum line, to the geolo- 
gist becomes strikingly interesting as ho approaches its 
eastern terminus. First are the points running imme- 
diately down to White Eiver, in all of which, near the 
main Eidgc, arc evidences of coal; as he approaches 
the Eleven Points, the mineral resources become moro 
interesting, until having reached the waters of the Cur- 
rent Eiver, ho is involved among intermediate hills, 
knobs and mountains of metalic deposits, embracing 
iron, lead, copper, gold, silver, zinc, nickel, tin, emery, 
cobalt, kaolin and other rare metals; while porphyritic 
and granitic formations lead him to imagine himself at 
once trausj.iorted to tho 'Stony Mountains,' or tho * Ne- 
vada' of California. The topographer has no business 
here ! Pen nor pencil can delineate or describe those 
physical features. 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 17 

Before leaving this subject, the writer would submit to 
geologists whether the present appearance of the rocks 
at Grand Tower (where this ridge is cut through) does 
not justify the belief that the Mississippi Eiver, above 
the main Kidge, was at some former period probably 
200 feet higher than at the present time, and that there 
were then falls in the Mississippi, at the Grand Tower> 
possibly nearly as extensive as those of the Niagara ? 
The fact that the great coal basin, as well as the prairies 
of Illinois, Missouri and Iowa lie north of this great 
natural barrier, justify the conclusion that such has been 
the case, and that the great coal basin and the prairies 
were formed during the period when that portion of the 
Mississippi Yalley must have been a vast body of water I 

The wcsteryi section of the State — west of this datum 
line is generally regular and uniform both in its vertical 
and horizontal sections ; the streams descending from the 
summit ridges by gentle slopes to the main valleys are 
almost imperceptible in their descent; the ridges are 
wide, continuously direct, and remarkably uniform in 
grade, mostly covered with prairies, and peculiarly 
adapted to farming or stock growing — can easily and 
cheaply be traversed by railroads. Almost every acre 
of the alluvial bottoms throughout this entire region has 
a rich, durable soil, well adapted to the culture of corn, 
wheat, tobacco, oats and the grasses. The south-western 
part of the State contains, perhaps, the richest and most 
extensive bed of lead in the world, while the soil and 
climate are peculiarly favoi'able for stock growing, and 
all kinds of agricultural pursuits. The south-eastern 



18 TUB HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

portion of the State is more valuable for its minerals 
than for its agricultural capabilities. There is scarcely 
a mineral of any economical value that will not be found 
within an area of forty miles, taking Pilot Knob as the 
centre. Many persons have an idea that there are coun- 
ties where the land is worthless — no soil, timber or min- 
erals. Doubtless there are small tracts, where, thus far, 
none of these arc known to exist ; but some of the rocky 
ledges now containinj^ the richest deposits of valuable 
metals have been passed by for years as worthless, and 
men who entered them under the graduation act at 12 J 
or 25 cents per acre, would not now take one thousand 
fold advance upon their investment. The Creator 
has made nothing in vain. The slopes and ridges of 
central and southern Missouri occupy millions of acres, 
now deemed worthless, which are, in fact, by far the 
most valuable lands in this part of the State for the culti- 
vation of the grape. Especially is this true of those located 
upon the southern highlands, away from the vapors and 
sudden changes of our large rivers and broad valleys. 
The magnesian limestones, sandstones, porous chert and 
the thin bids of reddish, brown, marly clays that usually 
overlie the limestones, all combine to form a soil light 
dry, warm and rich in all the elements needed for the 
grape, as shown by the analysis made by Dr. Litton, of 
the Geological Survey Corps. (See article on Grape 
Culture, in this work.) 

Many of the old settlers throughout the State seem 
disposed to complain because the}'- have lived in certain 
localities so long; endured so many privations, and met 



THE n^VND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 19 

with such poor success. Yet, there are settlements, 
some of tiiem twenty or thirty years old, that have not 
a fruit tree nor a grape vino within their entire hounda- 
ries ; while there is no better soil or climate for fruit or 
grapes in the Union, probably, and no more certain or 
profitable crops; and $10 worth of fruit trees and vines 
planted less than ten years a.^o and properly cultivated, 
would now be worth as many hundreds. 

The northern portion of the State is generally a high, 
rolling country, about equally divided into prairie and 
timber, all well watered with numerous springs and 
streams. A small portion in the north-eastern part of 
the vStatc is broken into ridges and knobs ; and the larger 
streams are bordered hj rich, alluvial bottoms, adapted 
to the successful culture of the cei'eals, grasses, fruit and 
vegetables of this latitude. The soil (based upon the 
fine silicious marl of the bluff formation) possesses all 
the good qualities of the very best of western lands. The 
soils upon the ridges and higher uplands are of a lighter 
character, but it is not improbable that they will 
yield a greater return and be more valuable for the cul- 
tivation of the grape, as well as of many other kinds of 
fruit, than even our richest soil for the ordinary purposes 
of agriculture. 

In short, northern Missouri exhibits a desirable medium 
between a mountainous and a level country — a bleak 
prairie and a densely timbered region. It is less broken 
and hilly than most of the eastern and middle States, 
and less level or flat than portions of Illinois. The soil 
is scarcely surpassed in any region of equal extent, and 



20 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 

yet tlio country is high, undulating, well watered and 
salubrioug. It is so divided into prairie and timber as 
will render the opening of farms most convenient and 
profitable. The prairie is ready for the plow, and timber 
at hand for buildings and fences. But the vast coal 
beds beneath give these lands a value far above all ordi- 
nary prices. According to Major Hawn's surveys (along 
the Hannibal & St. Joseph E. E. Co.'s lands) there are 
beds of coal varying in thickness from three to fifteen 
feet, which will yield not less than 20,000 tons per acre, 
which, at only five cents per ton, is worth $1,000 per 
acre ! This is the agricultural portion of the State, 

The Submerged Lands op Missouri. — The section of 
the State that is inundated comprises portions of the 
counties of Cape Girardeau, Scott, Mississippi, Wayne, 
Stoddard, Butler, New Madrid, Dunklin and Pemiscot, 
embracing, according to the returns made to the Sur- 
veyor General's ofl5ce, 1,856,120 acres. A portion of 
each of the above-named counties is covered with water, 
and possesses an alluvial soil — very fertile, but low, 
marshy, interspersed by rivers, lakes, swamps, bayous, 
bogs and marshes. Those portions that are submerged 
but a part of the year are very unhealthy — the water 
remaining on the low and marshy lands during the hot 
summer months become very impure and putrid. Vege- 
tation being very rank and abundant on this rioh, 
marshy soil, mixes with the putrid waters, and when 
decomposed renders the atmosphere impure and unheal- 
thy. A great portion of these swamps is not susceptible 
for the habitation of man, except the almost numberless 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOUW. 21 

groups of islands interspersed, which are occupied during 
certain seasons of the year by hunters and trappers, and 
those who establish temporary trading posts there during 
the winter. 

It is a romarkablo fact that there is a chain of low, 
level, marshy lands, commencing at the city of Capo 
Girardeau and extending to the Gulf of Mexico ; and that 
between these two points there is not a rock landing, 
except at the town of Commerce, on the west side of the 
Mississippi. Furthermore, there is only one ridge of 
high land below Commerce, on the west side of the river 
— at Helena, Arkansas, From the city of Capo Girar- 
deau, running into Arkansas, is a strip or tongue, 350 
miles long, of beautiful and excellent lands along the 
western margin of the Mississippi, which is well inhab- 
ited, having an average width often miles and is entirely 
cut off, and stands isolated from the interior of Missouri 
and Arkansas by the great swamps lying west of it, and 
deprives and cuts off all communication from the interior 
southern part of Missouri and northern Arkansas, for 
the distance above mentioned, to the Mississippi river. 
In most of these swamps the lands are fertile — the timber 
unsurpassed in size and quality. 

For the information of persons not already aware of 
the fact, it maybe stated that the earthquakes of 1811-12 
proved very injurious to south-east Missouri, changing 
the course of streams and rivers, causing the waters to 
spread in every direction — made high land where it was 
previously low, and in elevated places sunk them, thus 
causing the rivers and streams to overflow the tract 
above described. 



22 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 

(For a more detailed description of the ptyskal i^a^ 
turcs of the State; a plan for reclaiming the submerged 
lands of south-east Missouri; a history of the eai'th- 
quakcs of 1811-12, &c., &c., the reader is referred to 
^Olissouri as It Is in 1865/' now in press. See also 
description of counties in this work.) 

THE WAR m MISSOUEL 

A detailed history of the war in this State would HOt 
only be uninteresting to many who procure this as a 
guide-book, but would occupy far more space than could 
be devoted to so important a historical epoch. How- 
ever, it is but just to show that Missouri has done her 
duty. Being the only slaveholding Border State west of 
the Mississippi Eiver, and having become deeply involved 
in the troubles in Kansas, the subject of the conflict be- 
tween the i^orth and the South was developed in ]\Iis- 
souri almost at the very beginning of the rebellion. 
Few, if any, of the Northern States have suffered as 
much as Missouri. At the outset, a desperate effort was 
made to take this State out of the Union, and to join her 
fate Aviih that of the so-called Southern Confederacy. 
The first armed forces mustered in the State wore com- 
manded by State officers and others who sympathized 
with the rebellion, and this body of soldiers, (?) together 
with those from the State who have since joined the 
rebel service, will number not less than 28,000 men. 
Of these, twelve full regiments and one brigade (Par- 
sons) are known to be organized as Missouri militia in 
the service of the enemy, besides those who are in other 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 28 

companies and regiments. But the loyal element was 
too strong ; and besides the number that have left the 
State to battle against her best interests, she has not 
only raised her regular quota of men for the United 
States Army, but furnished from her own citizens a force 
of State Militia to keep in subjection the bushwhackers, 
marauders, guerrillas, &c. From the best data at hand, 
we estimate the number of men that have been taken 
fi'om our State by different branches of the military ser- 
vice, to be as follows : To the United States Army, fifty 
regiments of infantry, fourteen of cavalry, and two of 
artillery, making 66,500. Add to the Union service 
10,000 colored recruits and at least 28,000 in the rebel 
service, and we have a total of 104,500 men who have 
loft the peaceful avocations of former years for the army. 
This being a loyal State, the policy of the Administra- 
tion has been that we should supply our regular quotas 
with other States, and at the same time keep up a mili- 
tary force sufficient to protect ourselves from all home 
rebels, bushwhackers, &c. This has been and will con- 
tinue to be done. The counties which have suffered 
most severely from the effects of raids and the rebellion 
are those situated along the western border, south of the 
Missouri river, and a few in the extreme south-eastern 
portion of the State. 

But to-day, this State stands redeemed, disenthralled 
from slavery and oppression, and we trust the day is not 
distant when Missouri will hear the last i-ebel's cry of 
defeat and submission — the loyal, universal shout of 
victory ; then her streams, her hills and waving wood- 



24 THU HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

lands win join in one vast choral hymn, when banners 
shall bo furled and arms lain to rust, and Peace snatch 
the sceptre from the wearied God of War. God hasten 
the day! 

PRESENT CONDITION AND FUTUEB PEOSPEO IS 
OF MISSOURI. 

After long years of struggle, Missouri has taken her 
place in the ranks of the Frkk States ! This great act 
— ^than which no event in the history of the State is of 
equal iiu|x)rtance — was consummated on the eleventh 
day of January, A. D. 1865. 

OaniNANCE ABOLISHINO SLAVERY IN MISSOITRI. 

Be it Ordained by the People of the State of Missouri in 

Convention assembled : 

That heskafter in ti;is State there shall be neither 
slavery nor involuntary servitude, except in punish- 
ment op crime, whereof the party shall have been 
duly convicted; and all persons held to service ob 
l\bor as slaves, are hereby declared free, 

The vote was as follows : Ayes, 59 ; noes, 4 ; absent, 2. 
The noes were Messrs. Gilbert, of Platte; Harris, of Cal- 
laway; Morton, of Clay; and Switzler, of Boone. 

ITpon the reception by telegraph of the intelligence of 
the passage of the Ordinance of Emanci])atiou by tho 
State Convention, in session in St. Louis, both Houses 
of the Missouri Legislature adjourned, and jointly held 
an informal meeting in the Hall of the House of Repre- 
sentatives lo rejoice over the event. A committee was 
appointed to wait upon the Governor and acquaint him 



ffUB HAND-BOOK OJ? MISSOUEI* 25, 

of the glad nows; and request him to address the meet* 

ing on this glorious occasion. His Excellency returned 

with the committee, was loudly greeted, and delivered 

an address, so expressive of the inauguration of the new 

era — containing so much of encouragement, that wo in* 

sert the whole address. The reader will bo able ta 

judge from this addi'ess, and the extracts made from his 

\ Inaugural that we have the right kind of a man for Gov- 

' crnor. His acts speak for themselves — his words arc full 

of meaning, and everywhere and always give the ring of 

' true metal : 

MISSOURI'S JrnsrLEE—GOVEIlTWIl I'LSTCnEIl'& SPEECIU. 

j Freemen of Missouri :; 

j I thank you for the invitation you have given mo to 
j mingle my voice with yours on this occasion of ourgcn- 
1 eral rejoicing. In the lightning's chirography the fact 
j is written ere this over the whole land — Missouri is free ! 
I [Applause.] I do not feel like talking now. At the end 
of a long war, after the last blow is struck and the crown- 
\ ing victory won, words fail to give an impression of the 
' real feelings of the victor. Forever be this day celebra- 
ted by our people. Let us teach our , children, on the 
annual recurrence of the eleventh day of January, io 
meet around the altar of Liberty and renew their thank- 
fulness for our deliverance; and, in the historic contem- 
i plation of our redemption, renew the songs of our jubilee. 
* [Applause.] Through all coming time this day should 
be celebrated in the manner indicated by John Adams 
for celebrating the fourth day of July — by bonfires, ring- 
ing of bells, firing of cauijon, and waving of flags. There 
is something in the feelings of an old " Black Eepubli- 
can," an old Abolitionist, who has endured the proscrip- 
tive and intolerant rule of the arrogant slave power in 
Missouri for the last fifteen years, that language is en- 



26 THE nAND-BOOK OF JHSSOURI. 

tirely inadequate to exj^rcss. In this free atmosphere 
he feels himself a head taller, [Laui^hter and applause.] 
To-day we remember the acts of that party which, when 
in the incipient stages of rebellion, declared "thai Mis- 
eom-i should share the fate of her sister slave States." 
For once they told the truth. [Applause.] Missouri 
has obtained the lead, and " her sister slave fcitatcs;'' will 
share her iate, [Applause.] 

* ' We are free I 
The forest timl fountains. 
Tile iilains and inoiintaius. 

The Kay sea shore. 
Are haunts of hapinest dwellers. * • • 
Our toil from thought all glorious forma shall cull, 
To make this earth, our home, more btautiful, 

And Science and her sister I'oesy 
Bhall clothe iu liijht the lieldd ami cities of the Free . ' ' 

The white meni of Missouri are to-day emancipated 
from a system which has so long lain with crushing 
weight upon their energies. ^Ve are now rid of every 
weight, and ready for the race. [Ai:)plause.] And the 
black man, too, is free. The gates of a. bright future are 
open to him as well as tQ us. [Applause.] 

Let us now set to work as becomes men, to rid our- 
selves of all the effects the damnable system of slavery 
has left behind it. [Applause] Not the least among 
these are the bushwhackers, redhanded marauders and 
robbers, fit allies pf the institution W'hich enslaved the 
souls and bodies of men. [Applause.] 

I anticipate that the action of this Legislature, in co- 
operation with the policy of Major General Dodge, will 
enable us to hold in security, what we have so fairly j)os- 
Bessed ourselves of Missouri belongs to the loyal men 
OF Missouri, and to them alone ! [Applause, long and 
loud.] They have bought it with the price of blood, and 
their litle is such as is respected by all civilized nations. 
If there is but one single loyal man in any one county of 
this State, he shall stand up at the county scat of his 
county and defy Jeff. 13avis and the vv^hole rebel Confed- 
ei-acy ! [Shouts of laughter.] 

Wa win so orgauizo our forces as to give perfect 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 27 

security to every man in his life and property. Let our 
loyal men be of good cheer. Let Ihom go back and re- 
populatc the deserted counties of the border. They shall 
possess their homes again, and no man shall daro molest 
or make them afraid. [Applause.] 

Major General Dodge, commanding the Department of 
the -Nlissouri, is not a talking General : he is a thinking 
and an acting one. lie don't value any species of dis- 
loyalty. It don't bear any premium with him. His 
policy, permitted to be carried out, will give us security 
and peace. [Cheers.] Let us sustain him, and insist 
that cveiybody sustain him. You will see his policy 
only in its effects, and it will come upon some of our 
people like a peal of thunder from a cloudless sky. I 
refer to those who don't want to live in a free State, or 
! who refuse to obey the laws and resi>cct the civil 
I authority. 

I I apprehend that we will have an efficient militia. 

1 Those who cannot be trusted with guns will still be 

i militia, and will not think it hard if, instead of being 

' required to shoot their friends, the rebels, they should 

I bo detailed to the pioneer coi-ps, or the sappers and 

1 miners, and bo armed with axes or spades. [Cheers.] 

i We will want block-houses, stockades and forts all around 

" the State, and in all exposed places. Roads and bridges 

are to bo made for militaiy purposes, perhaps; and I 

do not know but the militia might bo called on to 

j assist to com])lete some of our railroads, as a military 

I necessity. [Iloars of laughter and bursts of applause.J 

I We may lose some of our exceedingly estimable citf- 

\ zens, who love slavery and civil war better than peace 

and prosperity, but I don't know where they can go; it 

j is dangerous to be a traitor now anywhere, and there is 

( no security for slavoiy on this continent to-day, nor 

henceforth foi-ever. There are counties in this State 

whoi"o the largo majority of the people make no effort to 

enforce the laws, or to render secure the lives and proj)- 

erty of their loyal neighbors ; it may be necessary to 

have militaiy force iu such counties, and^ if the cirgum- 



28. TnE II^P-BOOK OF MISSOUBI, 

stances jnstify it that county -will Have to pay the troops 
stationcc) there. [Loud applause.] I tell them that the 
loyal men among them arc not to bo com]iellcd to flee. 
Their homos shall bo protected ! [Applause.] And 
those who do not attempt to assist in putting down law- 
lessness shall pay for it. [Applause.] In free Missouri 
wo intend that every man shall have something to do, 
and when a man is found doing nothing wo will ascer- 
tain whether ho comes under the first section of the act 
concerning vagrants. [Laughter.] I don't mean to 
sell these fellows who are loafei's one day and bush- 
whackers the next. I don't believe any person could bo 
found to invest in such chattels, but I hope the Legis- 
lature will annex another and greater punishment to 
vagrancy, so as to make the law a teri'or, not only to 
evil doors, but also to those who cannot give a good 
account of themselves, and have no visible means of 
support, uscAd occupation or known abiding-place. 

rsoon the white- winged angel of peace will hover over 
Missouri, and rising up in her greatness, slio will beckon 
on Arkansas and her sister slave States to share with 
her the glorious destiny of freo America. [Applause.] 
One by one they will wheel into line beneath the flag 
that waves only over the free, and the land of Washing- 
ton will shine forth in perfect freedom. The star of her 
glory will rise up to the zenith of its splendor, and defy- 
ing alike domestic feuds, civil discords, treasonable con- 
spiracies or foreign aggressions, the genius of tho re- 
united States of America, like the star which the wiso 
men beheld in the east, with tho broad seal of eternal 
endurance stamped en her front, will bo tho beacon 
light to lead tho people of tho whole earth to tho shrine 
of liberty, and teach them to worship with America and 
rejoice in her freedom. [Enthusiastic applause] 

PROCIAMATION OP FREEDOM. 

Executive Department, 
City oi' Jeffersom, Mo., January 11, 1864. 

_ It having pleased Divine Providence to inspire to 
righteoua action tho sovereign pooplo of Missouri, who, 



Till!] EAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI, 29 

throttgh their delegates in Convention assembled, with 
propov legal authority and solcmnit}', have this day 
ordained : 

"That hereafter, in this State, there shall be neither 
slavery nor involuntary servitude, except in punishment 
of crime, whereof the party shall have been duty con- 
victed; and all persons held to service or labor as slaves, 
are hereby declared free ; " 

"Now, therefore, by authority of the t^upreme Ex- 
ecutive power vested in mo by the Constitution of Mis- 
souri, I, Thomas C. Fletcher, Governor of the State of 
Missouri, do proclaim that henceforth and forever no 
person within the jurisdiction of this State shall be sub- 
ject to any abridgement of liberty, except such as the 
law shall prescribe for the common good, or know any 
master but God. 

In testimon}^ whereof, I have hereunto signed my 

name and caused the great seal of the State to bo aiSxed, 

r. — ■ — .-J at the City of Jefferson, this eleventh day of 

■j L. s. I" January, A, D», eighteen hundred and sixty- 

^' — . — ' ^ five. 

THOMAS C. FLETCHEE, 
By the Governor: 

Feaijcis RodmaN; Secretary of State^ 

IKAUaURATION OF THE NEW ERA. 

Henceforth and forever Missouri is a Free State. 
The Radical party who selected Thos. C. Fletcher as 
their standard-bearer in the recent test canvas, and who 
elected him by a handsome majority, have obtained 
complete control of every department of the State, and 
must now assume the entire responsibility of controling 
its destiny and shaping its public affairs. Hence those 
who come here to make their homos, and to identify 
their interests with us, will "fall into line." We can 
give them no better introduction to our estimable Ex- 



30 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

ecutive, nor better explain his policy, or the conditioti 
of the affairs of the State, than by extracting from the 

INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GOVERNOR FLETCHER, 

Senators and Representatives : 

In the name of Truth, of Justice, of Freedom, and of 
Progress, God has jiermittcd us a jiolitical triumph^ 
bringing witli it the solemn resijonsibility of jn'omoting 
those great i)rinciples by an enforcement of the funda- 
mental law for securing the peace, happiucs? and pros- 
perity of the people of the State. 

THE NEW ERA OF FREEDOJI. 

Through the blood and fire of a civil war, we have 
attained to a new era, effulgent with the glory of the 
decree of the people in their sovereign capacity, eman- 
cipating themselves from servitude to ])rinciple8 and 
policies Avhich have weighed down their energies, 
opposed bai'riers in their progress, and armed, the hand 
of Ti'cason for the shedding of patriot blood. 

THE FATE OP SLAVERY. 

The only instance in the world's history of a rebel- 
lion against an existing Government in the name and 
for the sake of Slaver}", has resulted in the enlargement 
of Liberty ; and the retributive Nemesis has sent the 
system of Slavery crashing down to hopeless destruction 
in the conflagration of a civil strife lighted by its owa 
hand. 

THE people's verdict. 

All men fit to be citizens and partakers of the com- 
mon rights accorded men in civilized communities, must 
regard and treat as final and conclusive the recent 
deliberate and solemn verdict of the people of Missouri, 
rendered iii the full exercise of reason restored by the 
calamities of the war, iu favor of closing the gates of 
Janus and restoring the power of the civil law, and 
against the mad attempts to defy the authority of the 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 31 

National Government. The civilized woi'ld which has - 
been observant of; not less than our own community 
which has been participant in this unparalleled conflict, 
must, in that vei'dict, acknowledge that the position of 
Missouri, in the van of the free and progressive States 
whose attachment to the Union defies earthly ])ower to 
rend, is as enduring as our own eternal and solid moun- 
tains of iron, which, based in the deep center of our 
State, lift their firm brows toward the sky in colossal 
majesty. 

OUR DUTY TO SINK THE PARTISAN IN THE PATRIOT. 

Being victorious everywhere, let magnanimity now 
distinguish our action; and, having nothing more to ask 
for party, let us, forgetful of past differences, seek only 
to promote the general good of the people of the wholo 
commonwealth. While, therefore, we let past dangers 
teach us provision for future security, let us welcome to 
a participation in our coming prosperity and greatness 
as a State, all who unite with us in upholding and de- 
fending the authority of the Constitution of the United 
States and of the State of Missouri, of the laws enacted 
in pursuance thereof, and of the officers eelected for 
their enforcement. 

THE DARK PAST AND THE BRIGHT FUTURE. 

Behind us we leave the wrecks of old institutions, and 
all the bitter memories of the terrible Past, retaining 
only the lessons of wisdom our experience of them has 
taught us. Before us, glowing with promise and fruit- 
ful with hope, is the mighty Future; but be assured, that 
in readjusting the framework of our torn community to 
its requirements, wo shall need, to enable us to grasp 
that promise and realize that hope, all the energies of 
our truest and best citizens. 

ADVANTAGES AND RESOURCES OF MISSOURI. 

In point of physical advantage, in the combination 
of all the elements of wealth, in the invitations that aro 
held out to enterprise; and in tho magnificent and swift 



32S Tirin HAND-BOOK oi" Missouri. 

rewards that wait on industry, no area on the "Western 
Continent containing an equal tiumber of square miles, 
can compare with our own State. While embracing a 
greater number of acres of good agricultural land than 
any other State in the Union, Missouri has more iron 
than all the other States combined ; lead in quantities 
greater than elsewhere discovered in the world ; mines 
of cobalt and zinc, and lodes of copper; whole districts 
of countiy underlaid with strata of coal; almost illimit- 
able forests of the most useful timber, including the 
giant resiniferous pine, inviting the hand of unshackled 
industry and liberal enterprise to gather its wealth; 
prairie and forest diversified everywhere by streams 
affording unequaled water power; one of the largest 
rivers of the world flowing through her center, and 
another washing the whole length of her border. 

OUR BETTER DESTINY. 

In contemplating our natural resources, gratitude for 
their bestowraent and pride in their possession struggle 
for the ascendency; and we are more grateful and 
prouder still in reflecting upon the heroic resolution 
with which our noble State has shaken off a thralldom 
fatal to prosperity and at war with justice — has buried 
the dead Past, and advanced the standard of Freedom 
as the emblem of her future faith. We have every 
reason to incite us henceforth to great achievement. Wo 
have a State that promises to be the grand central 
figure of a cluster of republics, victoriously emergent 
with new splendor from the recent conflict of industrial 
systems. There is enough of accomplishment already 
attained to nerve us on to the labor of regenerating our 
political structure, so as to cause it to blaze in the sight 
of the nations of the earth, the brightest gem in the 
diadem of Liberty. 

MISSOURI TO BE THE HOME OF.rROGRESS, TRUTH AND FAITH 

Henceforth Mit-isouri shall be an asylum for all nation- 
alities and races and peoples; the repository of wealth, 
and a theater for tho development of the labor and en- 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI, SS 

terprise of the hand and spirit of Industry; and the 
home of free thought, free speech and a free press, 
where the prejudices of caste and class have no legal 
embodiment or political encouragement. She shall be a 
central mart for the interchange of the products of the 
North and the South, the East and the West, through 
the rivers of her great basin and the system of railways 
centering in her metropolis. She shall be a highway 
for the commerce of the two oceans, borne by the in- 
land transit lines that carry the freights between Europe 
and Asia. She shall proffer a secure and guarded re- 
]iose to all consciences and all religious beliefs, untied 
by any secular control, yet upheld and encircled by a 
public sentiment upon which faith in God has taken a 
new hold from the experiences of an unparalleled na- 
tional preservation. 

THE HARMONY OF LABOR AND CAPITAL. 

Let it be announced that in the new era which has 
come, ours is to be the first of States, with the largest 
freedom and the widest charities. Let this be a State 
where, with the administration of inflexible justice, the 
abandonment of mere ]:)artyisms, and the domination of 
industrial politics, all the advances of statute law pro- 
gress towards combining labor and capital, rather than 
placing them in the cruel antagonisms of the Past; 
where the light of hoj^e is shut out by the fundamental 
law from no human being of whatever race, creed or 
color ; but where a free people, heeding the stroke of 
inevitable destiiu' on the horologe of Time in the great 
crisis of changeful progress, guards the right of per- 
mitting the position and privileges of ever}^ man to bo 
such as his virtues, talents, education, ])atriotism, en- 
ter[)rise, industry, courage or achievements may confer, 
upon him. 

THE NATIONAL ADMINISTRATION WITH US. 

It should be our effort to preserve harmony, in every 
department of the State Government, with all the 
measures of the National AUininistration. We have the 



34 THE HAND-BOOK OF JHSSOURI. 

sympathy of the Federal Executive in the sufferings and 
losses entailed on us b}^ the war, and in our consequent 
intolerance of treason and rebellion. The strong hand 
of the General Government may be relied upon to sus- 
tain the patriotic, prudent and vigorous measures of un- 
impugncd loyalty. 

THE soldiers' ORPHANs' HOME. 

I hope an early act of the Legislature will evince an 
appreciation of the services of the men who, by their 
heroic bravery, have made the name of a Missouri 
soldier a proud title. While the loyal people of the 
State, and the soldiers themselves, testify their feeling 
by generous contributions for the support and education 
of the children of our dead heroes, their efforts should 
he met, if it be necessary, by liberal legislative action, 
even though, in order to avoid the imposition of addi- 
tional taxes upon our distressed people, it should have 
to be done at the expense of industrial interests hereto- 
fore aided by the State. Give the orphans of war — the 
children of the People — a home and a culture of mind to 
fit them for jsreserving the institutions in defense of 
which their fathers died. 

THE HEROES OP OUR NEIGHBORING STATES. 

In this connection I would call your attention to the 
propriety of the expression of the gratitude of Free 
Missouri to the loj-al men of her sister Free States who 
have stood beside us, and made many of our mountains, 
hills, valleys, jn-airies and river shores historic by their 
bravery in our defense. 

THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF LOYALTY. 

It is a duty to ourselves, so far as ])Ossible to put every 
influe:,ce, power and benefit conferred by civil and mili- 
tary ofHce in the State in harmony with the spirit of the 
principles and policy indorsed by the peo])le in the recent 
election ; and I must add, that for all appointments to be 
made by the Executive, I shall ])r(4or the men who havo 
served with honor in the field, in defense of the Union, 



TllE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 85 

they j:!C)sscssiii,2: equal qualifications in all other respects 

with other applicants. 

EDUCATION. 

Our educational sj^stem should receive at all times the 
earnest cai'e and consideration of the Legislature. It 
must be so moulded as best to resist the inroads of war, 
and conserve the ends of peace. Perhaps no better 
foundation can bo had than the admirable Common 
School system now so well organized and engrafted upon 
our public policy. To this, however, a superstructure 
should bo added, different from that which has hitherto 
obtained. The requirements of self-defense will suggest 
that more attention bo given in our educational course 
to those departments of instruction which qualify for 
military service. And in devoting our energies to the 
means of supplying more extended knowledge to the 
young men of our State, it would bo well to confine 
the f'urnishing of such facilities to those scientific 
branches which may contribute most directly to the 
practical purposes of life, and to the immediate develop- 
ment of the resources of the State. 

There are two offices which belong to education : the 
first is the imparting of a clear understanding of ele- 
ments, and the second is the application of those elements 
in drill and practice. I rejoice to see that the educa- 
tional tendencies of the day throughout the country arc 
manifested in the foundation of schools for specialties of 
instruction — agriculture, the only firm and immutable 
foundation and source of a nation's greatness, receiving 
the lai"ge»t share of attention. 

I would, therefore, recommend in this connection a 
revision of the organization of the State University, and 
its transformation into two or more departments bear- 
ing dii-ectly upon the agricultural and mineral wealth 
that so abounds in our State; and that it be recast and 
relocated, if this shall be deemed expedient for its new 
design, and constituted a free academy, devoting itself 
to the task of gathering the statistics of our resources, 
to invite immigration; fui-nishing brief yet full courses of 



'"BSl ^THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

instrnctioTi, that rrtay fit the fiirmer for more Scientific 
methods of culture of the soil and advance the very 
important interests of horticulture; and sending forth 
annually hundreds of young men enlisted in bringing to 
light the mineral masses that vein our soil, or supei'in- 
tending the development of those already found. Such 
an institution would at once become an efficient instru- 
ment of progi'css, and would repay ten-fold whatever 
expenses might attend its inauguration and support. 

The militia — the true policy to be adopted. 

The law for the organization, government and support 
Hof the Militia should be so modified as to secure its adap- 
tability to the condition of tLo people of the State, and 
the greater efficiency of an arm of the service upon 
which we arc to rely, in the future as in the past, as an 
indispensable means of our security in time of evasion, 
and to local organizations of which we are to look as the 
means of ridding the State of the bands of murderers 
and robbei'S who are yet prowling in our forests. The 
right of citizenship and of a home in Missouri ought to 
be inseparable from the duty of assisting in its defense. 
No sum of money should be adequate to the purchase of 
the exemption of an able-bodied man from this duty. 
Numbers of men will not compensate for want of skill in 
the use of arms. The men should be so classified that 
one half of them may be called into service when the 
exigency requires it, without detriment to the ordinary 
and now so necessary peaceful pursuits of life. Thoi'- 
ough drill and discipline will render one half equal in 
efficiency to the whole number of imperfectly instructed 
and undisciplined men. 

RADICALISM ESSENTIAL IK OFFICERS OP THE MILITIA. 

The officers of the militia must be men imbued with 
true courage and the spirit of reaching a final result in 
this war, who understand the prineij>les of our Govern- 
ment, which require the subordination of the military 
to the civil authority, and who are efficient in drill and 
discipline. 



THE TTANT).*EQQK Qg MIS^QUKt." M 

THE- CONSTITUTIONAIi^ AMENDMEN'Ei- 

The amendments to the Constitution will require the 
erasure of the word "slave'-' from our statutes, the abo- 
lition of all distinctions of color in the law relating to 
crimes and their punishment, and the abrogation of all 

laws for theiQsiieriflg, and Brotfecti,Q»c qI tJi^ iaieimta-af 
slavery. 

THE DUTY OF GUAEDIlTa THE ELECTIVE- FRAKCmSEi. 

The act concerning elections will, it is hoped, have to 
be so amended as to meet the requirements of new con- 
stitutional provisions for guarding the palladium of our' 
liberties against the wily and unscrupulous approach 
and unsanctified touch of .alien enemies, whose handa 
are stained with the blood of Union men, of traitors who 
have alienated themselves by flight beyond the jurisdic- 
tion of the United States to avoid duty to the Govern- 
ment or escape punishment for the crime of ti'cason, and 
of men who have written their own infamy by enrolling 
themselves as in sympathy with treason and rebellion, 
and who have not-sincQ erase dit by the aemceaaadC-Qiu 
duct of patriots. 

More effectually to guard the ballot-box,^ law is neces- 
sary requiring a registration of all qualified voters in 
each county, and permitting only those to vote who are 
thus registered. Men who have by rebellion disavoAvcd 
allegiance to the Government, should bo permitted to 
regain the privileges of citizenship only through the 
means provided by the naturalization laws of the United 
States ; while to the liberty-loving foreigner, w^ho makes 
his home under the govci-nment of his choice, and for 
which he is willing to fight, liberal laws should be en- 
acted as soon as permitted by the letter of the State 
Constitution, shortening the probation cry term preced- 
ing his investment with the elective fli'ariQhigQ fos aU tJiQ 
purposes of State elections. 

IMMIGRATION. 

We should be connected^ through aa agent;, with, the 



88 TflE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

Immigration Bureau, and tako the necessary measurds 
for the collection and publication of statistical informa- 
tion, not only conveying to the energetic and enterpris- 
ing inhabitants of the more densely populated States, as 
well as to those of foreign countries, a knowledge of oui? 
mineral wealth, of the fertility of our soil and of the 
cheapness of our land, but also bringing home to the7n 
the liacts of the adaptability of our soil and climate to tlio 
cultivation of the grape and the growing of fruits. TJiO 
wines and fruits of Missouri will be sources of incalcula- 
ble wealth, as has been demonstrated by our own people. 
The very perfection of fruits has been obtained here, and 
our wines are becoming the favorites wherever their 
excellence has been tested. Show to the immigrant the 
advantages we possess for wool growing, and that ho 
may graze upon our hills the tlotks from which may be 
sheared the greater jjart of the 100,000,000 pounds of 
wool annually imported froM foreign countries for our 
manufactories. Let the exhibition of samples of our 
hemp and tobacco attest their superiority, accompanied 
by facts and ligui'cs, showing the enormous rctuniS 
yielded by our fertile soils in these and other produc- 
tions. And bid them come, where the abundance of in- 
dustrial resources renders labor independent, and will 
make freedom perpetual. 

THE POLICY OF THIS DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI. 

To secure the return of the Union men, who, unable 
to fight, have sought safety in the Free States, it is only 
necessary for them to know that the military policy 
now adopted in Arkansas and Missouri will jjrovent the 
return of the armies of the enemy to our soil ; that tho 
united action of our own people will soon free us of tho 
presence of the lawless depredators, who, in small bodies, 
3' et infest some parts of the State ; that loj^al men will 
be secure in life and i)ropcrty, while traitors wanting 
security to either will cease to intrude their presence 
upon us; that the ijolic}' of the Department of the Mis- 
Bouri iS; unheralded, silently but effectually tQ stump 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 39 

enduring peace on the State, and ere long to make the 
voice of the ]a\v potential in all its hitherto silent forms; 
and that Free Missouri, like all other Free States, will 
onl.y hear the distant clash of arms without interruption 
to the prosperity of her people. 

OUR RAILROAD SYSTEM. 

We have seven railroads, with an aggregate of 826 
miles of hnishcd railroad in the State, for which we have 
incui-rcd liabilities amounting to §23,700,000, exclusivo 
of interest. The only finished railroad in the State 
promptly meets the interest on the three millions of 
bonds issued to aid its construction. All the other roads 
are in default of pa3-ment of interest due by them. They 
are amjde security for the amounts advanced to them 
respectively. Almost the whole debt of the State has 
been contracted on their account. All the interests of 
the State, and the attainment of the greatness to which 
wo aspire, are involved in their completion. If the light 
of events has revealed that we have committed an error 
in attempting to build x\p at once a whole system of rail- 
roads, instead of directing all our means and enei'gies 
first to building those most necessary to our wants, and 
consequently most certain to yield large net earnings, let 
us at once seek to correct that error. If, in the present 
or a changed relation of the State to them, wo cannot 
command tne means for their completion, and if they 
cannot be made to yield at least a portion of the accru- 
ing interest on the bonds loaned them respectively, with 
reasonable ])rospcct of their completion or increased net 
earnings, enabling them to meet the whole interest, then 
it will be our duty, in order to restore the credit of tho 
State and to save the people from burthensome taxation, 
to foreclose our first mortgage liens on them, and by their 
Bale reduce tho State debt to a sum V\-ithin our easy con- 
trol, and, jnuvate enterprise failing to do so, trust to our 
future prosperity to afford the means for their com- 
pletion. 

These important questions will be the subject of a 
special communication, which I shall hereafter havo 
occasion to make to the Genei-al Assembly. 



40 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 

I recommend that all charters heretofore granted to 
railroad com]mnies or other corporations^ and forfeited 
b}^ non-user, be repealed. 

LET NONE CUT LOYAL MEN BE EMPLOYED. 

I call your attention to the propriety of using all the 
power possessed by the General Assembly over our rail- 
road and other corporations, to compel the exercise of 
their entiro influence in favor of loyalty. I hope that 
every privilege and benefit accorded them u'ill be cou])lcd 
with the condition of forfeiture or penalty for knowingly 
contracting with or employing a traitor, and that the 
power to enforce such forfeiture or penalty ma}^ be con- 
ferred on the Executive. There are no degrees in loy- 
alty ; and whoever refuses to use all the inllucnce he is 
possessed of in favor of upholding the authority of the 
National Government, is a traitor, 

OUR nation's struggle. 

The victorious armies of the Eepublic are with deadly 
thrusts piercing the enemy on every side, The giant 
Rebellion, bleedin^^ at ever}^ pore, begins to reel and faint. 
Our Sherman, willi his veteran braves, stands on the 
Ocean's beach, gazes back at the last deep mortal wound 
inflicted, and waits onl}' to see if another is necessary. 
The legions of Grant, Butler, Sheridan, Thomas and 
Canby are rushing on to complete the work. The 
coming spring-time will bring the final blow, and amid 
the battlo-crj^ of l^recdom the death of the Rebellion 
will bo consummated, and blessed Peace once more 
breathe its benisons over the land. 

Reposing implicit reliance in that Power to which all 
earthly authority is subject, and assured that, if we arc 
true to oui'selves, a wise and just Providence will lead us 
up the golden stairs of a radiant Future, to the attain- 
ment of the high destiny clearly marked out for ua in the 
bestowment of our wondrous material resources, I assume 
the responsibilities and undertake the labors of the posi- 
tion assigned me by tJie too generous partiality of the 
citizens of my native State. As your fellow-laborer, I 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 41 

claim your assistance; your confidence, your forbearance, 
and your sympathy. While doubtful of my own abili- 
ties, I 3'ct have unfaltering faith that all earnest effort to 
support and advance the true principles of Republican 
Government, as approved by the intelligence and patriot- 
ism of the American peo])le in the recent election, will 
secure mo the encouragement and engird me with the 
support of the loyal men of Missouri, and enable me, 
when my official term' shall expire, to resign back into 
the hands from which I receive it the trust committed to 
my charge, strengthened and adorned by the application 
of radical democratic r)rinciples. 

THOMAS C. FLETCHER. 



PUBLIC LAOT)S— THE HOMESTEAD LAW. 

There are nearly seven millions of acres of vacaint 
land in Missouri, subject to be entered under the Home- 
stead Act, or located with Land Warrants, Agricultural 
Scrip or cash. Below will be found a statement, show- 
ing the quantity of vacant lands in certain counties. 
There are also fractional tracts of forty acres or there- 
abouts, scattered through several other counties, not 
included in this list. The graduation law has been re- 
pealed, and the public lands are now $1 25 and $2 50 per 
acre, the latter price being for lands situat-ed within the 
six-mile limits of the railroads. Under the Homestead 
Law of May 20, 1862, any person coming within the fol- 
lowing requirements is entitled to enter land : 

The privileges of this law are-extended to every person 
who is the head of a family, or who has arrived at the 
ago of twenty-one j^ears, and is a citizen of the United 
States, or has declared his intention of becoming such, 
and who has done no disloyal act, direct or indirect. 



42 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 

An exception, however, to the foregoing requirement as 
to age is made in the sixth section of the act, in favor of 
any person who has served not less than fourteen days 
in the Army or Navy of the United States, either regu- 
lar or volunteer, during actual war, domestic or foreign. 
Any person coming within the foregoing requirements 
will have the right to enter one* quarter section, or a 
less quantity, of unappropriated public land, upon which 
said person may have filed a pre-emption claim, or which, 
at time of application, is subject to preemption at SI 25 
per acre ; or eighty acres, or less, of such unappropriated 
lands, at §2 50 per acre. 

The law requires the land "to be located in one body, 
in conformity to the Icgp.l sub-divisions of the public 
lands, and after the same shall have been surveyed." 

Any person owning and residing on land may enter 
contiguous land, which, with that already owned and 
occupied, shall not exceed in the aggregate one hundred 
and sixty acres. 

The applicant for the benetit of the law is required by 
the second section to file with the Register his " a})plica- 
tion," which should designate the tract desired to be 
entered. He must also file his "affidavit," to be taken 
before the Eegister or Eeceiver, setting forth the facts 
which bring him Avithin the requirements of the law, 
and adding that the " application is made for his or her 
exclusive use and benefit, and that the said entry is made 
for the purpose of actual settlement and cultivation, and 
not, either directly or indirectly, for the use or benefit of 
any other person or persons whomsoever." 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 



43 



1. The applicant will then be allowed to enter the tract 
applied for, by paj'ing to the Receiver the §10 fee stipu- 
lated in the act; and the further payment, as commissions 
of Eegister and Eeceiver of one j^er cent, to each upon tho 
cash value of the quantity of land applied for. 

The fourth section declares lands acquired under this 
act not liable for debts confci'acted prior to the issuing of 
the patent. 

PUBLIC LANDS IN MISSOURI. 

The following statement shows the number of acres of 
land subject to entry in tho several counties : 

BOONVILLE LAND DISTRICT. 



Coanties . No* of Acres • 

Barry r,^..^^. .354,600 

Benton..,.-. 110,000 

Camden 317,000 

Cedar 20,000 

Christian 197,000 

Crawford 80,000 

Dade 30,000 

Dallas 135,000 

Douglas 400,900 

Franklin 14,000 

Gasconade 6,000 

Greene 30,000 

Henry 4,660 

Hickory 95,000 

JeifersoD 2,520 

Laclede ....190,000 

Lawrence. 75,000 



Counties 

Linn.... 



No, of Acres. 

^ 1,480 

Macon 7,000 

Maries 27,000 

McDonald 255,000 

Miller 75,000 

Newton 167,000 

Ozark 472,300 

Phelps 20,000 

Folk 57,000 

Pulaski.... 195,000 

St. Clair 10,000 

Stone 282,000 

Taney 408,000 

Texas 153,000 

Webster 193,000 

Wright 285,000 



A WORD TO LAND BUYERS. 

This work is published for the dissemination of such 
information as is considered of importance to the im- 
migrant. Hence the writer will volunteer some advice 



41 TlIE llAND-lJOOK OF MISSOURI. 

respecting thd purchase of property in this State. As a 
general principle; the man who desires to sell fixes his 
price much lower when ho has no purchaser in prospect 
than when ho has an applicant before him; for this 
reason, property of all kinds can generally be bought on 
better terms through a real estate broker or agent, than 
from the owner. All kinds of real estate arc more valu- 
able to-day than ever before in any part of this State, 
notwithstanding some counties have been almost de- 
populated — " have been tried as with fire" by the war. 
Loyal men and good citizens are seldom willing to sell. 
But persons of secession proclivities, who own land in 
strong Union neighborhoods — men who have been 
warned to leave the State for their connection with the 
rebellion, and in some instances those involved by debt, 
arc anxious to sell, and have registered their property 
with the real estate brokers for sale, at comparatively 
very low prices. Another general remark may not: bo 
out of place. Letters are daily received from parties 
who expect to get cultivated farms for from one-fourth 
to one-tenth their value. The cheapest farms ai"c not 
alwaj's the lovrest priced. Uncultivated land can bo 
purchased at almost any price, var^'ing from $1.50 to 
to 610 per acre, as to convenience to largo cities, railroad 
and river communication, etc. Many farms now held 
by real estate dealers can be had for what the improve- 
ments cost, with the land given in the bargain. Yet 
some parties are not salisliccl oven with this ! You 
must not come to Missouri expecting to get well culti- 
vated farms, with thrifty orchards, good buildings and 



THE HAim-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 



45 



improvements of all kinds, for 82 ov 63, oreven 05 per 
acre. But it is probable greater in duccmcnta are offered 
for judicious investments in Missouri, at the present 
timCj tliaii in any otJier portion of the United States. 

T A. B I. B, 

Exhibiting the population in 18G0, the amount of Vnenie^id 
Government Land, and the Minerals existing in each couvi^ 
in the IStata, 



coUi^TX'rKs, 



^p 



1800. ache; 



ADAlit 

ANDUKW 

ATCIILSOX 

AUDUAIN 

IIAKUY 

I'.AUTON 

liATES 

BENTON 

IJOLLlNGEli 

IJOONE 

BUCIIAN.VN 

ISUTLLK 

CALDWELL 

CALLAWAY 

CAMDEN 

CAI'E <;1RAKDEAU 

CAlUiOLL 

CAKTEU 

CASS 

CEDAR 

CILVIUTOX...., 

CillMSTIAN 

CLARKE 

CLAY 

CLLNXON 

COLE 

COOPER 

CRAWFORD 

DADE 

DALLAS 

DAVIE^SS 

DE IvALB 

DENT 

DOUGL-iis 



,h90l 

MiV 

.i'OV 

,r.G<)l 

,7Gl|3Ji,5(X) 
,S1G 
,787 
,523'110,000 
,!)58!. 
,404. 
,918 . 
,125!. 
931 



317,000 



20,000 

i'Jr^ooo 



(>31 
734 
757 
002 
851 
442 
S51 
325 
318 
587 
704 
724 

050 8(),66o 
73r.| 3(»,0Ui) 
8001135, OUO 

248 

101 

542 

•ijii 400.000 



Lcarf. 
Coal. 



Copper and Lend. 

iutoliii, i'ii>e Clity, Fire Clay* 



Iron, 

Coal, Marb" ' 

Dig Cave. I i-ad, Iron. 

JJarble. 

Lead, Coal, Mounds,. Oil Spruits. 

Iron, Copper. 

Oil ^prnig- Coal. 

C^oal. 

Coal. 

Iron, Lead, Copper § 

Coal. 



Lead, Coal. 

Iron, Coal, Lead, Chouteau Sprlnga, 

Iron', Lead, Coi^icr, Coal. 

Iron, CopiKir, Coal. 

CopiM;r. 



Copper, Ii-ou, Mounds. 



46 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 



DUNKLDm.... 
FKANKLIN... 
GASCONADK 

CiENTUY 

GKEHN'l-: 

GHUNI»Y 

IIAKRISON... 

llENitY 

JirCKOliY.... 

HOLT 

HOW AIM) .... 
HO WELL 



IKON. 



JACKSON .... 

JASPER 

JEKFEUSON . 

JOHNS >JN 

IvNOX 

LACLEDE.... 
LAFAYETTE 
LAWRENCE . 

LEWIS 

LINCOLN.... 

LINN 

LIVINGSTON. 
MACON 

MADISON.... 



MARIES 

MAIUON 

McDonald 

MERCER 

JhLLEi; 

MISSISSIRI'I 

MONITEAU 

MONUOE 

MONIGOMERY 

MORGAN 

KEW JMADRID 

NEWTON 

NODAWAY 

OREGON 

OSAGE 

OZARK 

PEMISCOT 

PERRY 

PETTIS 

PHELPS 

PIKE 

PLATTE 

POLK 

PULA-KI 

PUTNAM 

KALLS 

PwVNDOLl'H.... 

KAY 

REYNOLDS.... 

RII'LEY 

ST. CHARLES. 
ftiT. CLAHi 



14,000 
6,000 



30,000 



Iron, Lead, Copper, Alabaster. 

8tilti)etre Caves. 

Copper, Coal. 

Iron, Lead, Copper, Caves. 



4,500 Iron, Coal. 
95,000 Iron, Lead. 



Lead, Coal. 



5,433 

19,1GI> 

6,507 
8,^01 

13,0,-0 
1,553 
4, SGI 

13,71 
8,77 

10,412 

1],3(>; 
8,55, 

C,S3: 
13,710 

5,33S 

15,783 
4,875 
3, '.KG 
9,'J8u 
0,(i7G 
3,70J 
10, -20 J 
11,805 
7,3G3 
7,G--'4 
3,880 
8,liU4 
5,130 
3,4-28 
7,G5U 
4,, '^31 
2,91!) 
9,260 
7,510 
.5,097 
14,105 
15,119 
lO.Ooo 
3,835 
9,209 
0,154 
8,8 ',8 
12,050 
3,200 
3,G18 
14,370 
6/i5G 



2, -"20 



190,000 
*7.5'6o6 



1,480 

"iiooo 



155,000 
75,000 



107,000 



472,300 



Iron, Lead, Gold, Marble, Kaolin, 
Platiua, Nickel, Grauitc, Emery. 

Leatl, Zinc. 

Iron, Lead, Copper, "White Sand. 

Coal, Manganese. 

Iron, Lead, Bryce's Spring. 

Iron, Lead, Copper, Coal. 
Coal. 

Coal. 
Coal. 
Copper, Coal. 

5 Iron, Lead, Copper, Zinc, Gold, 
t Silver, Tin, Nickel. 
Iron, Lead, Copper. 
Coal, Pipe Clay, Fire Clay. 
Lead, Caves. 

(slejiorted) Coal, Ii'on and Coppelrf? 
Lead, Iron, Coal. 

Le.id, Coal, Iron. 

Coal. 

Lead. 

Lead, Coal, CaVWi 

Lead, Zinc. 

Lead, Copper* 
Iron, Lead. 



57,000 
195,000 



10,000 



Iron, Lead. 
Lead, Iron, Coal. 
Iron, Lead, Coppeft, 
Coal. 

Iron, ZinC- 

Iron, Saltpetre, CaTeS:« 

Coiil. 

Saline Springe. 

Petroleum, CoaT« 

Iron. 

Iron, Lead, Copper* 

Coal, Oil Springa. 

lion. Coal. 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 



4T 



ST. FRANCOIS,., 
ST. GENEVIEVE 

ST. LOUIS 

SALINB 

SCHUYLER , 

SCOTLAND , 

SCOTT 

SHANNON 

SHELBY 

STODDARD 

STONE 

SULLIVAN 

TANEY , 

TKXAS 

VERNON , 

WARREN , 

WASHINGTON... 

WAYNE 

WEBSTER 

WORTH 

WRIGHT 



7,549 

7,109 

182,8.'i7 

10,120 

0,170 
4,714 
1,972 
6,043 
7,9'l-2 
2,3(J3 
9,':3:) 
3,540 
6,071 
4,020 
7,782 

8,034 

5,080 
6,880 
New. 
4,440 



282,000 



408,000 
153,000 



193,000 



285,000 



Iron Mountain, Lead. 

Lead. 

Coal, Marble. 

Saline Springs, Lead* 

Goa). 

Iron. 

Iron, Lead, Copper, Gold» 

Loal. 

Iron . 

Iron, Lead, Oil Springs. 

Lead, Copper. 



JLead, Copper, Silver, Zinc, Co» 
I bait, Alabaster. 

Iron, Lead. 

Coal. 

Lead. 



Note . — There arc now only two Land Districts in the State, and two Land 
Offices — one at Boonville on the Missouri river, near the centre of the State, 
and the other at Ironton, on the St. Louis and Iron Mountain Railroad. The 
boundaries of the Ironton District commences on the Mississidpi river, be- 
tween Townships 37 and 38, in Ste. Genevieve county, thence continues on 
that line due west till intersecting the line dividing Townshiijs 10 and 11, li. 
W. ; following this line due south to thr southern boundary of the State. 
There are 850,000 acres subject to entry in this District. All tlie vacant lands 
in the State, outside of the Ironton District, are subject to entry at Boon- 
ville; and fill tiin vacant lands subject tQ settlement undej^ tbe Homestead 
Xaw. 



TIMBEE ANI> WATER POWEE IK MISSOUEI. 

The broad, rich bottoms of all the streams in the State 
sustain a heavy growth of most excellent timber, of 
nearly all the useful varieties — so fully named in the 
description of counties in this work, that wo need not 
repeat them. Large areas, particularly those underlaid 
by sandstones, are covered by very extensive and valu- 
able forests of yellow pine. The growth, on the rich 



48 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 



soils of the State is very large, as the following measure- 
ment of several tre^s will show : 



County, 


Tree. 


Variety.: 


u 
S 

1 
''■J 

28 

o 
O 

18 

10 
30 
22 

m 

15 

18 
28 
43 


i 

Hi 


Howard 

(I 

vStoddard... 
Dunklin. ... 
Stoddard... 
Pemiscot . . 


White oak. 
Grape-vine. 

Beech 

Catalpa 

Tupelo 

Elm 

Cypress... 
Sweet gum. 
White ash. 
Spanish oak 
•iycamore. . 


Fagus ferrugmea «.. 

Catalpa hignonioides 

Nyssa grandidejitata .... 
Ulmus Americana 


100 

90 

120 

100 


C. Girard'u. 
{( 

Mississippi. 


Taxodium digtictium 

Liquidamhar Styraciflua. 
Traxinus Americana. . . . 

Quercuo falcata 

Platanus occidentalis 


125 
130 
110 
110 



The hollow of the last named was 15 J by 13 feet in 
diameter. » 

The State Geologist eays: "Thei'o is no physical 
reason why St. Louis should not export several times 
as much lumber as she now imports. Though Bangor, 
Maine, exports more lumber than any city on this con- 
tinent, and, perhaps, more than any in the world, the 
the forests which supplies it are located at a greater 
distance, and on a stream much more impracticable 
than ours in Missouri." It is unnecessary to specify 
where good localities exist, there being scarcely a stream 
in the State which is not bordered by forests of excel- 
lent timber. The Missouri, the Osage, and all its tribu- 
taries, Spring river. Gasconade, Grand, Chariton, St. 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI^ 49 

Francois, "White, Lamine, South, ITorth, Salt and Pabius 
rivers, are bordered with magnificent forests of trees, 
peculiar to the alluvium and upland slopes. All of those 
streams, save the Missouri, furnish water power and 
good mill sites, and even the large springs of the 
Niangua afford the best water power and mill sites 
observed in the State. But steam has unusually proved 
the most economical for the manufacture of lumber; as 
the site can be selected with greater advantage. 

The Inspector of the carpenter work on the gun-boats, 
(whose district embraces all the countiy west of the 
Alleghcnies,) states that he has nowhere found live-oak, 
so valuable for shipbuilding, that will compare with that 
80 abundant in Southeastern Missouri. 

There are millions of acres of land in the Southern and 
Southeastern portion of the State, covered with a growth 
of yellow or hard pine, equal to that brought from other 
States. A few mills have been erected here and there, 
but there has been comparatively nothing done towards 
converting the pine foi'ests of those regions into lumber. 
In Pulaski and Texas counties, up the Piney Fork of 
the Gasconade — from fifteen to twenty-five miles up that 
stream, reaching to within two and a half miles of the 
railroacj crossing, are millions of acres of yellow pine 
forests. A few saw mills are already in opei"ation. 
Capitalists, by establishing planing mills on the excel- 
lent water power, or by steam power, near the railroad 
crossing of that stream, would do well. After being 
planed; the lumber when rafted.,dQwn tO market;i. vid. tho 
c 



50 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

Gasconade or Missouri rivers, would not depreciate by 
retaining grit from the waters. 

Turpentine, rosin and tar can be profitably manufac- 
tured from the sap of our ycFow pines, and compi^nies 
arc already in operation at Potosi and Hopewell, with 
great success. 

It is estimated that there were about 100 barrels of 
turpentine, 800 barrels of rosin, and 1,900 barrels of 
tar sent up to St. Louis last j'car from the Missouri 
pineries. The prices of the articles fluctuated as follows : 
Turpentine $2 25 to §4 00 per gallon ; rosin $25 to $60 
j^er barrel, and tar $10 to 6i7 per barrel, 'iho present 
quotations are : For rosin $29 ; turpentite $2 25 ; tar $12. 
All the turpentine received was consumed in the city ; 
of the rosin, probably one third was shipped up the Ohio 
and to other points, and of the tar, about one-fourth 
found market in other localities. Like manj- other 
sources of wealth in Missouri, our pine forests still rest 
in primeval solitude, waiting the hand of intelligent in- 
dustry and enterprise to develop their wealth and turn 
them to practical account. 



THE m^ERAX EESOURCES OF MISSOUTJ. 

Mineral coal has done much to promote the rapid pro- 
gress of the present century; commei'ce and manufac- 
tures could not have reached their present unprecedent- 
ed prosperity without its aid. And no people can expect 
success in ihose departments of human industrv, unless 
their territory furnishes an abundance of this useful 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 61 

mineral. As shawn upon tho Geologicnl map, (just is- 
Bucd by the author of' this work) the south-eastern out- 
crop of the coal measures has been traced from the mouth 
of the Des Moines River, at the north-east corner of the 
State, through Clark, Lewis, Shelby, Monroe, Audrain, 
Boone, Cooper, Pettis, Henry, St. Clair, Bates and 
Vernon into the Indian Territory ; and every county on 
the north-west of this line is known to contain more or 
less coal, giving us an ai'ea of over 26,887 square miles 
of coal beds in that part of the State ! In many places 
the thickness of workable beds is over tifteen feet. Sup- 
])0se we estimate the thickness of the bed, for the whole 
area, at only five feet. This will give 134,435,000,000 
tons of good available coal in Missouri. In estimating 
the economical value of so vast a deposit of this most 
useful mineral, we should constantly bear in mind that 
these beds lie beneath tho soil of one of the richest agri- 
cultural regions on the continent, within a State whose 
manufacturing and commercial facilities and resources 
are scared}^ inferior to any, and adjacent to the Missouri 
Piiver, tho Pacific, tho North Missouri and the Hannibal 
& St. Joseph Railroads. With all these advantages of 
location, the certainty that these coal beds can furnish 
100,000,000 tons per annum for the next 1,300 years and 
then have enough left for a few succeeding generajions, 
is a fact of no small importance to tho State, and one 
which those who are seeking profitable land investments 
will not fail to notice. And the farmer or stock grower 
will also remember that ho pays only the ordinary pi'ice 
for these lands — gets a first quality of farming laud at 



52 THE HAND-BOOK OP MSSOURI. 

very fair prices, and has beneath the soil a coal bank 
Vv'orth a thousand times what his land costs. 

Iron stands preeminent among minerals in its influ- 
ence upon the power and prosperity of a nation. Mis- 
souri possesses an inexhaustible supply of the very best 
ores of this metal, and has all desirable facilities for 
becoming the groat iron mart of the Western continent. 
Specular Oxide is probably the most abundant and valu- 
able ore in the State, and Iron Mountain, the largest 
mass observed, composed almost exclusively of this ore 
in its purest form. The height of Iron Mountain is 228 
feet, and its base covei'S an area of 500 acres, which 
gives 1,655,280,000 cubic feet, or 230,187,875 tons of ore. 
There is every goelogical reason to favor the belief that 
this deposit extends downward indefinitely, enlarging as 
it descends. But on the supposition that it contains the 
same size, every foot of descent will give over 3,000,000 
tons of ore. Each can judge for himself how deep he will 
bo compelled to go get enough. Pilot Knob, i bout six 
miles below Iron Mountain, is 581 feet above the valley 
at its base, and is ahnost a solid mass of iron, covering 
an area of 3G0 acres. 

The amount above the surface cannot be less than 
13,972,773 tons — and it evidently far exceeds this esti- 
mate. There are several other "mountains" or immense 
masses of iron in this region, any one of ivhich, if isola- 
ted, would be considered inexhaustible. There is ore 
enough of the very best quality within a few miles of 
Pilot Knob and Iron ]^.Iountain, above the surdxce of the 
vaUeys, to track the Union Pacific Eailroad, and furnish 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 63 

dho minion tons per annum of raauufactureclii'on for tlie 
next 200 years. 

Xjcad, next to iron, is probably the most abundant of 
all the valuable metals in the State. Our lead mines 
have been worked with success for more than half a cen- 
tury. Few or none have been exhausted, aud many are 
now worked with greater success than at any previous 
time. There are more than five hundred localities, old 
and new, that promise good returns to tlie miner. The 
Eastern Lead Region comprises a large portion of Frank- 
lin, Jefferson, Crawford, Phelps, Washington, Madison, 
St. Frangois, St. Genevieve and some parts of adjoining 
counties, giving an area of 5,000 square miles. 1 lie 
Southwestern comprises a largo portion of ISTewton and 
Jasper and portions of adjoining counties, comprising an 
area of 200 square miles. Tlie Osage Lead Region cow- 
tains a considerable portion of Cole, Moniteau, Morgan, 
Benton, Camden and Miller counties, an area of 1,000 
square miles. The Southern Lead Region comprises por- 
tions of Taney, Christian and some territory in adjoin- 
ing counties — say upwards of 100 square miles. In 
short, we have at least 6,300 square miles, in which lead 
deposits in workable quantities have been found and 
successfully worked. And as to their richness, we need 
only say that old miners come from all parts of the United 
States and pronounce these the richest mines on this 
continent. 

Copper exists in workable quantities in Madison, Shan- 
non, Franklin, Dent, Crawford, Benton and Washington, 
and deposits of Copper have also been, found in Maries, 



54 Tlia HAND-BOOK OF MISSOtJM, 

Greene, Lawrence, Dade, Taney, Dallas, Phelps and 
■Wright counties. Systemaiic milling will yield satisfac- 
tory results beyond a doubt. The Frederick Copper 
Mining Company, located one mile from Fredericktown, 
have a shaft upwards of one hundred feet dee[), well sup- 
plied with machinery, &c., are working so successfully 
that they intend to greatly increase their facilities this 
spi'ing. These are the only copper works we know of 
now in operation, (March, 1865.) 

Sulphuret of Zinc is very abundant in nearl}' all the 
mines of south-eastern Missouri, and in several of the 
south-western counties. It often occui's in masses of 
such size and purit}' as to impede lead mining operations. 
Yery little^ if anj'thing, has been done to test the value 
of zinc ores in this State. However, a company has 
recently been formed, and will commence operations in 
Washington county this spring on an extensive scale. 

The Gold deposits of Missouri must exert a controlling 
influence in the mining interest of the State as soon as 
the extent and richness of these ceposits are known. 
Prof. W. Hanford White, has made extensive ex- 
plorations to decide the auriferous Avcalth of the State. 
He states that in one locality visited there are several 
acres strewn with immense boulders of gold-bearing 
quartz, some in such masses as to lead the inexperienced 
to believe them in position. He estimates that these 
boulders alone exist in sufficient quantity to supply a 
quartz mill of the capacity often tons per day, (without 
any mining) for a year or more. In many specimens 
the gold is visible to the unassisted eye. These sped- 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOUBI. 55 

mens, as well as those which were analyzed, were 
obtained on or near the surface. Deeming it important 
to establish its quality, the services of a reliable chemist 
and metallurgist was secured. Prof. Theodore "Weiss 
made ten assays, which he certified resulted as follows : 

In gold, at par per ton, SHI 32, §96 00, §89 60, 888 00, 
$60 00, $iQ 00, 841 53, $25 90, $22 40, $22 26— giving as 
the average of the ten assays $60 62. Prof. Weiss has 
made upwards of one hundred assays, several of them 
far exceeding the above, and some of them giving almost 
fabulous results. Prof, Deck, of New York city. Prof. 
Ililgard, and others, have made certified assaj-s which 
fully sustains those made by Prof. Weiss. In California 
and Nevada a yield of from $6 to $10 per ton is consider- 
ed a paying claim. The Pussell Mining Company, in 
North Carolina, operate ores with a profit at $2 per ton, 
and the Louisa Mining Company work ores yielding 
only $1 40 per ton, profitably. Taking the above named 
assays as a basis, $60 00 per ton — 20 tons per day — 300 
working days per 3'eai', will give a result of $360,000 per 
year, or the interest at ten per cent, on $3,600,000 
capital. One-half, one-quarter, or even one-eighth of the 
above estimate would realize an enormous profit for the 
capital invested in the enterprise. 

Any one conversant with gold mining, will at once 
perceive the advantages Missouri possesses over Nevada, 
Colorado or California. To reach the auriferous dis- 
tricts of the far West, a heavy outlay must bo made in 
supplies^*teams, provisions, etc. Weeks of travel con- 
sumed in crossing arid deserts, and the gold seeker is 



56 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

subjected to privations, high prices, and in many cases 
destitution and disappointment after arriving there — 
issolatcd from all the rest of the world, and shut out 
from other business avocations. The Missouri mines 
are within twenty miles of railroad communication, and 
the same distance from the Mississippi river ; in a climate 
as salubrious and healthy, the year through, as any in 
the world; an abundant supply of pure water from 
springs and streams, some of which afford water power, 
well timbered, not subject to mining laws, or border 
ruffianism. (Our State law permitting operations to any 
extent, and the ownership of land or claims to an un- 
limited amount.) 

Another very attractive feature is that all these min_ 
erals exist within one hundred miles of St. Louis, w^hero 
all necessary machinery and supplies can be readily 
obtained, and taken to within twenty miles of the mines 
by railroad or river. The reader can readily contrast 
the advantages presented by Missoui-i over the mining 
districts of the Rocky Mountain region. 

Besides the iron, lead, coal, copper, gold and zinc 
above alluded to, we have in Missouri deposits of tin, 
silver, platina, cobalt, nickel, manganese, Enier}', Kaolin 
— in short almost every mineral of any economical value, 
in quantities that will pay a very handsome ])rofit. Wo 
have also immense quantities of granite, fire-rocks, pipc- 
cla}^, fire-clay, hydraltic cements, metalic paints, lime- 
stone, marbles, etc., etc. 

It ma}', with propriety, bo mentioned in this Connec- 
tion, that a company has been organized, and a charter 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 57 

granted for building a railroad fi'om Pilot Knob to Bel- 
mont, opposite Columbus, K}^., which project, we trust, 
will bo consummated at an early day, as this new road 
will traverse the mineral region above described, place 
St. Louis and the whole State in direct railroad com- 
munication with all the South, through the system of 
Southern railroads. The building of this road will add 
greatly to the value of the mining interests of South- 
eastern jMissouri, and presents a rare opportunity for 
the judicious investment of capital. 



GRAPE CULTURE IN MISSOURI. 

It will be impossible in a work of this size, to devote 
the space to this subject which its importance demands. 
In the larger work, " Missouri As It Is in 18G5," the au- 
thor has thirty-two pages upon this subject, embracing 
articles from the most experienced vine-growers of the 
State, analysis of soils, &c., &c. 

Several vine dres'^ers in our State have been engaged 
in the cultivation of the grape during the last twelve or 
fourteen years. " Their success has been fully equal to 
their expectations; and they arc full of high hopes of 
the most useful and profitable results, even of entire and 
permanent success. Their experience in cultivating the 
vine has led them to the same conclusion that wo have 
deduced from our scientific examinations of the soil, cli- 
mate, and native vines, viz., that the vine can he cultivated 
with entire success, in /avoidable localities, in all parts of the 



58 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 

State.'* That poriion of Soutlioi'n Missouri, extending 
from NeTv'ton county in the south-west to St. Genevieve 
in the soutli-east, usually represented as the eastern ex- 
tremity of the Ozark Mountains, is in fact a table land 
varying from 1000 to 1,500 feet above the ocean. In 
the west it i- sufficiently undulating to be well drained, 
while in the cast it sometimes ri^es into ridges and knobs 
of moderate elevation. From this table land the country 
descends by moderate slopes in every direction. On the 
northern slope are the head-waters of the Sac, Pomme 
do Tcrre, Niangua, and Big, flowing into the Mississippi ; 
on the south, the waters of the St. Fran9ois, the Current, 
and the White with its tributaries, descending towards 
Arkansas; and Spring river and Shoal creek on the west- 
ern slope. 

The valleys of the numerous sti'cams which flow from 
this table land ai^o at first but little depressed below the 
genei^al level ; but the farther they descend the deeper 
and wider they become, until they expand into broad 
alluvial bottoms, bounded by bluffs moi'e or less precipi- 
tous. The fountains are numerous, bold and pure ; the 
streams clear and rapid. 

The surface of these table lands is undulating, with no 
mountains or arid plains to disturb the equable and 
agreeable temperature which usually prevails at that 
elevation under the 37th parallel of north latitude. 
There are no swamps or overflowed lands from which 
vapors and noxious exhalations can arise to render the 
air damp and unhealty. As these facts plainly indicate, 
the summers are long; tompei'ate; dry and salubrious, 



THE HAND-BODK OP MISSOURI. 59 

and tlie ■winters short and mild. It possesses the clear, 
brilliant skies of Italy, and the dry, bracing air of the 
western pi'airies. 

Nearly all the soils of Missouri possess all the ingre- 
dients necessary to the complete development of the 
vine ; but some of them are too heavy, wet and cold, 
unless improved by artificial means. This is true to 
some extent of those on the bluffs of the- Mississippi and 
Missouri, where nearly all the vineyards of our State are 
located. These soils are based upon the Blutf formation, 
where it contains more clay and less lime than in the 
western counties, which possess our best soils. 

The soil of central and southern Missouri is all that 
could be desired for the culture of the grape. It con- 
tains an abundance of all the mineral substances which 
enter into the composition of the vine. While it is 
warm, light and dry, it contains large quantities of mag- 
nesia and vegetable matter, giving it great capacity for 
absorbing and retaining a sufficient quantity of moisture, 
even in the drouths of summer. The bluffs of numerous 
streams in southern Missouri usually slope back into 
knobs and ridges, which are frequently surmounted by 
numerous natural terraces, so regular and uniform that 
they appear like the work of human hands. These ter- 
races are produced by the decomposition of the strata of 
magnesian limestones which form the bluffs. They vary 
in height from one to six foot, and the width of the top 
from ton to twelve feet, according to- tho-angle -of the 
slope and the height of the terrace. 

Judging from the statistics, all our vineyards bavo 



60 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

yielded an average of at least 250 gallons of wine per 
acre since 18-19, which at an average price of §1 GO per 
gallon, -would give an annual income of §400, and a 
yearly profit of ^300 per acre. So that the vino grower, 
oven in the poorest seasons, can scarcoly fail of a hand- 
some profit, while in good years his gains will far sur- 
pass those derived from any other department of hus- 
bandry. But'the profits of our most successful cultivators 
have been much greater. Mr. Poeschel, of Ilcrman, is 
said to have made over 400 gallons per acre for the last 
ten years, and an annual profit of more thaji$o00 for each 
acre. 

Such are the favorable results legitimately derived 
from the experience of our vino growers in their early 
efforts in a new country. All must admit that they ai*e 
satisfactory. Even if no more improvements are made 
in the modes of culture, and no more favorable localities 
are obtained, grape culture must increase very rapidly, 
and become an important element in the agricultural and 
commercial interests of Missouri. 

France has about 5,000,000 acres in vineyards, which 
yield 925,000,000 gallons of wine, besides the 95,000,000 
distilled into brandy, and give profitable employment to 
2,000,000 of people, mostly women and children. In cen- 
tral and southern Missouri we have at least fifteen millions 
of acres where the soil and climate are favoroble to grape 
culture. Of these, at least 5,000,000 acres might be se- 
lected in the most desirable localities and devoted to 
vineyards, without in the least enci'oaching upon the 
lands most desirable for other departments of agricul- 



THE IIAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 61 

turo. And, so fax* as we can judcjc from the character- 
istics of soil and climate, and the indications of the 
native vines, these 5,000,000 acres in tlie liighlands of 
Bouthern Missonri present rare inducements to tlie vine- 
dresser — such a combination of favorable circumstances 
as will not fail to atti'act the attention of those who 
Avoukl eni;-ai^e in this most pleasant and profitable de- 
partment of hasbundry. 



PRAIEIE FAE:MESrGJ IN NORTHERN I\IISSOtniI. 

The natural advantages of Northern Missouri, arc 
thus stated by the Land Commissioner of the Ilaunibal 
and St. Joseph railroad, in a recent publication : 

" The natural advantages of Northern Missouri are 
numerous, arising principally from its peculiar geo- 
graphical position. It is in the centre of the continent, 
midway between the Atlantic and Pacific, and also in 
the middle of the Mississippi Yallcy, giving it an un- 
equalled inland navigation and a direct water borne 
transit with the commerce of the world. In a healthy 
latitude, it is adapted to a greater variety of products 
than lands either nortJi or south of it ; and its position 
is such as to command all the advantages of either 
northern, eastern, southern or western markets. It has 
a mild climate, short winters, healthy and pleasant sum- 
mers, a rich and very productive soil, with pure water, 
wood, timber, superior coal, rock, hydraulic limestone, 
clays and sand, all in abundance, and conveniently in- 



62 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

terspersed through a country principally prairie, and 
some of the richest alluvial bottom lands. These great 
natural advantages are increased in value very material- 
ly by the completion of the Hannibal and St. Joseph 
railroad, and its telegraph lines, through its entire width 
from east to west, from Ilannibal on the Mississippi, to 
St. Joseph on the Missouri river, making a 206 mile link 
in the chain of trunk lines spanning this continent, 
evidently sooner to be completed than any other, from 
its western terminus at St. Joseph to Pike's Peak and 
thence to San Francisco. 

"Prairie farming is very different from the common 
mode of farming in the more northern and eastern 
States, and when the difference is correctly understood, 
a decided preference must be felt in favor of the former. 
The difference stated plainly, and in direct contrast, is, 
that in New England it is hard, slow, contracted and 
expensive, whereas, in Northern Missouri, it is easy, 
quick, extensive and cheap. 

In proof of this, let facts be considered. 

To open a new farm in the northern and oastera 
States, the axe is the first and principal implement need- 
ed, and a laborious and diligent use of it is required to 
prepare a few aci'es for cultivation. It is Iho slow, 
Mmited and expensive work of a whole life or genera- 
tion, to remove the heavy primitive forest from the 
land, even for an ordinary sized farm, and when finally 
in old age, it is brought to a subdued and proper pro- 
ducing state, its comparatively thin soil, yields but mea- 
gre crops, Avhich a small contracted crib or granary will 



THE HAKD-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 63 

be ample to contain. With manuring and skillful till- 
age, rigid economy and untiring industry, thi'ift and 
prosperity in a limited degree is secured. 

Now, how otherwise is it on the rich prairies of 
Northern Missouri '( The first implement needed is tho 
plow, to turn under the primitive sod, to break up a very 
deep, rich and inexhaustible soil, upon any number of 
acres desired, ready at once for the seed which will 
spring up and bring forth in such abundance ordinarily, 
that it is impracticable to gather and store in cribs or 
granaries. Other, easier, common and equally judicious 
means are adopted and combined to realize the value 
of abundant crops. Wheat is threshed in the field with 
improved and labor saving machinery, sold or shipped 
to market at once, or else gathered in stacks or ricks. 
Corn, in this climate, can stand without injury, to be 
gathered at will j or it is common to tui-n into it a given 
number of cattle and swine per acre to fatten for a ready 
market, and thus gather in gold, its convenient and 
more portable value — an easy and cheap operation. 

The full advantage of improved agricultural imple- 
ments and labor saving machinery is realized at once 
on new prairie farms. In showing whj^ this is so, it 
will appear why it cannot be so in any country like New 
England. 

Native and inexhaustibleTichness of prairie soil, great 
scope of natural formations of extensive regions with 
uniform eveness of surface, perfect freedom from all 
obstructing roots, stumps, or stones, make it practical 
to sow and plant any number of praiiie acres desired, 



64 THE HAND-BOOK OF mSSOURI. 

cut with reapers, and thresh Avith horse or steam power 
in the ticld, or gather in stacks or shoclcs to feed without 
removing, or to store and ship at will. 

Where, but in such a country, is it possible to count 
a thousand stacks of wheat from a single commanding 
" divide" or high wave-like roll ? Or where else can 
25,000 acres of corn bo seen in one view by a railroad 
passenger in his seat as he rushes through its midst on 
cither hand ? Or where else could twenty-four crops of 
corn be taken from the same land in succession without 
manure, and the last a splendid crop ? And where else 
will farmers tell of producing peaches at the rate of 
5,000 bushels per acre ? 

(8eo advertisement of Hannibal and St. Joseph Eail- 
road Company lands, in back part of this work.) 



STOCK EAISING. 

According to the census of 1860, Missouri ranked as 
the sixth stock-producing State in the Union — having 
§53,093,673 worth. Her climate, extensive prairie and 
timber ranges, and her location, entitle her to rank as 
one of the fii-st. For years to come thousands of acres 
of excellent gi'azing land will bo open for the free u.o of 
those who locate contiguous thereto j and as there are 
seasons and circumstances which may combine to pro- 
duce a failure of various crops, in every climate, stock- 
raising, combined with farming, has gi-eater advantages, 
less hazard and more certain profit than any one bran 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 65 

of farming. Local facilities and advantages will dictate 
the degree of attention and means it is expedient to 
devote to each branch. Horses, cattle, muleS; sheep and 
swine are now scarce throughout the Stati?, (having 
bean sold, during the war, at high prices), and the de- 
mand will be very great for years to come. The broad 
prairies furnish excellent grazing for the long, salubrious 
summers; and the winters are so short and mild that 
but little feeding is necessary. The custom of the coun- 
try is to enter in and occupy with herds, droves and 
flocks with perfect freedom, and to cut all the prairie 
hay desired without other cost or charge than cutting 
and stacking, which is usually one dollar per ton, by 
using the improved mowers. To do this is not tres- 
passing upon the rights of others. To cut timber from 
unoccupied land would be illegal and wrong, but it is 
otherwise with the prairie grass, which if not saved, 
decays or is burned. So that the non-resident owner 
can hav^e no objection to its being used or saved by 
others. So one or tw^o hundred tons of excellent hay 
can be easily and cheaply obtained. The actual extent 
and value of this practical gratuity is immense and must 
be seen to be appreciated. When seen from one of the 
many stand points easily found, commanding in a single 
view an area of a hundred thousand acres of very 
superior land, capable of being used at once to produce 
tood and clothing for the needy, the painful idea arises 
that such great resources I'cmain idle within three days 
travel of all our Atlantic seaboards cities and towns, 
crowded witli a surplus population, whose sharp com- 



66 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

petition depreciates the value of their labor, and on the 
other hand advances the ])rice of all the necessaries of 
life beyond the abilitj^ of many to procure — thus demon- 
strating that the proportion of consumers to the pro- 
ducerS; is much greater than it should be. When such 
an ample remedy is within reach, how long such a state 
of things shall continue is for the wise and prudent to 
determine. 



SUGAE MAiaiS^G. 

The history of the introduction of the Chinese and 
African sugar canes into the United States, and the as- 
tonishing success of the enterprise, is well known to 
many of our readers. 

In compliance with resolution adopted hy the U. S. 
Agricultural Society, in ^yashington, January, 1857, suf- 
ficient Sorgo seed was imported from France, and dis- 
tributed throughout the Union, to ])lant 100 acres. The 
remarkable result of this importation is reported to Con- 
gross, b}^ Hon. J, Holt, Commissioner of Patents, in Pat- 
ent Office Reports for 1858 as follows : " The experiments 
with the Chinese sugar cane have proved emit ently 
successful throughout portions of the Southern, Middle 
and Western States, 100,000 acres by estimate, having 
been occujjied with it the past season, attended with at 
least a net profit of $2,000^000, in fodder, sugar, and 
eyrup, and other economical use." 

It grows from G to 18 feet high; produces of Btripod 



THE HAITD-BOOk OF feSSOURI. 67 

green stalks from ten to ibrty tons per acre; juice is 50 
percent, of weight'; 150 to 400 gallons syrup; five to 
nine ]ier cent, pure alcfeohol ; 13 to 16 per cent, dry 
sacchai'inc matter, 9 to 11 per cent, of which is crystal- 
ized sugar,; and 15 to 60 bushels of seed per acre. In 
the Middle land "Western States, if the seed is sown early 
in May, two crops can be raised from the same roots in the 
season. It is considered by many, superior to any Eng- 
lish grass as forage. An acre will produce provender 
for stock equal to 200 bushels of corn. It is a whole- 
some, nutritious and economical food for animals, all 
parts of it being greedily devoured in a green or dry 
state by horses, mules, catlle, sheep, poultry and swine, 
without injurious effects; the latter fattening upon it 
equally as Avell as upon corn. 

Paper of various qualities has been manufactured from 
the fibrous parts of the stalk, some of which appear to 
be peculiarly fitted for special use, such as bank notes, 
wrapping paper, &c. An extensive paper mill is now in 
course of erection, on the Mississippi just below St. 
Louis, where the stalks can be readily sold for manufac- 
turing paper, for which under the new process of disin- 
tegrating fibre, the stalks arc peculiarly adapted. And 
the success of crystalizing the juice is no longer a doubt- 
ful question. Chemical tests have fully and satisfactofi^ 
ly solved and put that at rest. Science has demonstra-l 
ted that " Crystalized sugar can be oxti-actcd similar in 
ever}' respect to that made from the cane of the tropics,'^, 
and that ^^ the stalk contains erystalizablo sugar, without 
furnishing a greater quantity of molasses than tho trop- 
ical cane." 



08 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOORt. 

Tho soil, climate, geographical range and cost of cul- 
ture is the same as Indian corn, but it stands cold, resists 
frv-^st and drouth better. The seed ripens in October in the 
Middle and Southern States, when planted as late as 
June 20th. The soil, climate, and past experience, all 
indicate that Missouri is well adapted for the profitable 
culture of either variety of the cane. 



RAILWAYS IN :\iI3S0TTUI. 

The R_ystem of trunk lines projected in Missouri, when 
completed, will form a nct-vv^ork, which, with the branch 
lines, v\d]l traverse every portion of the State. Since, 
in this great Hailway Era, speed in transit is the de- 
sideratum, and as it has been clearly demonstrated that 
Railways are tho most successful civilizers, as well as 
the greatest producers of business, it becomes Missouri 
to maintain her position among her sister States, by 
multiplying these iron arteries of commerce. 

By reference to the Township map, and also to the 
dcscrij)tion of counties in this work, the reader will ob- 
serve that these i-ailroad lines are j.-rojected through the 
n^ost populous and wealthy counties in the Stale — coun 
ties, some of which possess inexhaustible beds of mineral 
wealth, and others that are well settled by farmers, 
whose industiy and presevei'cncc are exhibited by the 
superior manner in which they cultivate their broad, 
fcn-tilo field-;, and the abundant yield they gather as a 
reward. These artificial channels arc much needed for 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 



69 



the transportation of our valuable homo products to a 
reliable market; and none but those who ai-e fomiliar 
Avith ihe capabilities of the State and of its unparalleled 
mineral and agricultural wealth, can form an adequate 
estimate of the immense treasures which lie hidden in 
the earth. Some of the finest portions of the State are 
yet comparatively undeveloped, and, indeed, almost un- 
known, because of their remoteness from any great 
thoroughfare. Few poi'tions of the West are more pro- 
ductive, or possess better water, or a more genial 
climate than Southwestern Missouri, not merely in 
agricultural lands, but in lead, marble*) coal, petroleum, 
etc. All these now remain undeveloped because of the 
expense and delay attended with taking these product g 
to market. For stock-growing also, this is one of the 
finest portions of the West; yet, owing to its present 
isolated position, the population is- sparse, and will con- 
tinue so, until facilities are afforded for the transporta- 
tion of their agricultural and mineral productions to 
market. One of the immutable laws of trade, is that 
where the demand is greater than the supply, the price 
of the article is enhanced, and the improved facilities 
for intercourse bring to our very doors the markets of 
the extreme eastern and southern borders of our coun- 
try. The Governor and our present Legislature earnest- 
ly favor the completion of our railroads, and the build- 
ing of other roads when the wants of the country require 
them. At the last session of the Legislature, laws wero 
passed providing for the comjjletion of the Pacific Rail- 
road to Kansas Citj^ — of the North Missouri Kailroad to 



70 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 

the Iowa State Line j for the erection of a first-class 
railroad bridge, over the Missouri river, at St. Charles; 
for the construction of the West Branch of the North 
Missouri railroad, from Allen or Eenick to Kansas 
City or St. Joseph, and a companj^ chartei^ed for building 
the Southeast Missouri railroad from Pilot Knob to Bel- 
mont, opposite Columbus, Ky. What are the claims 
and prospects of these improvements ? 

When the px-esent gap, (about forty miles), is finished 
there will be uninterrupted communication over the 
Pacific Railroad of Missouri, between all parts of the 
East and Kansas City, thence over the Uiuon Pacific 
railroad, already running to Lawrence, Kansas. This 
work will be done early in June, and is of incalculable 
importance to the Western part of the State. 

The extension of the North Missouri railroad to the 
Iowa State Line, will not only drain a ver}' rich portion 
of the State, but the road will there be mot by our Iowa 
friends, who are eager to connect with us, and will have 
a line completed through the famous DesMoines valley, 
thus vastly increasing the business and resoui*ces of tha 
North Missouri railroad, and securing to St. Louis a 
trade which legitimately belongs to her, and- which has 
long sought an outlet in this direction. 

The construction of the Western Branch of the North 
Missouri railroad, will drain one of the richest portions 
of Missouri and accomodate a great amount of travel and 
traffic, which is now diverted to other States, and which 
will make this a paying road. This road will probably 
be completed to Brunswick during this season. 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. Tl 

The bridge over the Missouri river at St. Charles 
should be of wrought iron, and of the most approved 
kind — the Bollman pattern, for instance. The present 
charges incurred by the company in the tedious ferry- 
ing of freight and passengers is greater than the interest 
on the money required to build the proposed bridge. 
This is a very important project and will probably bo 
carried forward the pi'csent season. 

The completion of Southwest Branch of the Pacific 
railroad is of vast importance to the region now so re- 
mote from all railroad and river communication, and 
has been deemed of vital importance as " a military 
necessit}^." It is probable the Government has expend- 
ed more than enough, for transportation, since the be- 
ginning of the war, to have paid for the completion of 
this road. A large district of country, rich in agricul- 
tural and mineral capabilities, waits to be deviloped by 
the completion of this route. 

The Southeast Missouri Railroad Company, incorpor- 
ated by the last Legislature, contemplate the construc- 
tion of a road from the present terminus of the Iron 
Mountain railroad, at Pilot Knob, to Belmont, opposite 
Columbus, Ivy. Traversing the famous mineral region of 
Southeast Missouri, striking the Mississippi river below 
the freezing point, and connecting St. Louis and the 
North with the entiro system of Southern raih'oads — this 
is an important lino, and will prove one of the most 
popular and profitable North and South lines in the 
\Ycst. 

While our prairies and valleys continue fertile, while 



72 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 



our mountains of iron and inexhaustible lead deposits 
exist, the exports of home products from this State to 
Eastern and Western markets, must be immense, hence 
the importance of hastening the completion of these 
great commercial arteries of our State. 

"We trust the day is not far distant when the more im- 
portant of these roads will be completed, bringing every 
portion of the State within a days' travel of the Father 
of Waters, and of the city of St. Louis. When the 
shrill neigh of the iron horse shall be heard in the most 
remote corners of the State, and when the rattle of his 
tread shall reverberate along the frontier, with thous- 
ands of intelligent and industrious settlers following in 
his wake, who shall " make the wilderness to blossom as 
the rose.'' 



RAILWAY DISTAl^CES. 

Below Tvill be found tables of distances on all the Uail- 
ways in operation in the State : 

PACIFIC RAILROAD OF MISSOURI. 



Stations. Miles. 

St. Louis, 7th st 

« 14th Bt 

Cheltenham 5 

]jaclede 8 

AVebster 10 

KirlvAvood 18 

Barret fc's J 

Moramac. 19 



stations. Miles. 

Gasconade -. 88 

Chamois llO 

St. Aubeii 105 

L'Ours Creek li,9 

Bonnot's 31111 112 

Osago 117 

Jefferson City 125 

Scott 132 



THE HAND-BOOK OF JUSSOURI. 



73 



stations. Miles. 

Gravel Switch 22 

St. Paul 24 

Gravel Switch .25 

Gleucoe , 2G 

Waldstein Switch 2S 

Eureka 30 

Allcnton 32 

Dozier Switch 34 

Franklin 37 

Gray's Summit 41 

Labadie 44 

vSouth Point 52 

Washington 54 

Newport G2 

Miller's Landing G7 

Berger 75 

Hermann 81 



Stations. Miles. 

Lookout 140 

California 150 

Tipton 163' 

Syracuse 168 

Otteiwille 176 

Smithville 181J 

Sedalia 189 

Dresden 196 

Knobnoster 203 

Warrensburgh 218 

Holden 233 

Krigsville 237 

i^leasant Hill 249 

Lee's Summit 261 

Independence 274 

Kansas City 283 



This road will be completed to Kansas City early in 
the summer, probablj' by the 1st of Ju!}-. From Kansas 
City to Lawrence, Kansas, the Union Pacific is in oper- 
ation, and being pushed forward vigorously. 

SOUTHWEST BRANCH OF PACIFIC RAILROAD. 



Miles. 

Franklin ,... . . . . . 

Cata wissa 4 J 

Cakie_y GJ- 

Mosellc Ill 

St. Clair 18 

Staunton 28 

Sullivan. ^..33| 



Miles. 

Bourbon , , . .40 

Harrison 4.' J- 

Cuba , .60 • 

Knobview GOJ 

St. James.". 66 

Dillon ...71 

EoUa. 76i 



74 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 



NORTH MISSOURI RAILROAD. 



Miles. Stations. MUps. 

St. Louis 304 

4 Bellefontaine 300 

6 Jennings 298 

9 Ferguson 295 

11 Graham 293 

13 Eridgton..: 291 

IG vSection 16 288 

19 Ferry Landing 285 

20 St. Charles! 284 

29 Dardenne 275 

33 O'Fallon 271 

37 Perruque 2G7 

42 Wentzville 262 

48 Millville 256 

51 Wright's 253 

57 Warrenton- 247 

67 Jonesburg 237 

72 High Hill 232 

76 Florence 228 

81 Montgomery 223 

89 Wellsburg 215 

94 Martinsburg 210 

100 Jcffstown 204 



Miles. 

107 
121 
129 

139 
146 
15T 

168 
173 
177 

192 

198 
202 
207 

228 
233 



stations. 



MUee. 



254 
269 
275 
283 
292 
304 



Mexieo 197 

Centralia 183 

Sturgeon 175 

Eenick 165 

Allen 158 

Jacksonville 147 

Hudson 136 

Bevier 131 

Callao 127 

Bucklin 112 

St. Catharine 106 

Brookficld 102 

Laclede 97 

Chillicothes 76 

Utica 71 

Breckcnridge 

Hamilton 50 

Cameron 35 

Osborn 29 

Stewartsville 21 

Easton 12 

St, Joseph* 



IRON MOUNTAIN RAILWxVY. 



Miles. 



Stations. 



Miles . 



St. Louis 86 

1 Lami Street 85 

6 Carondelet 80 

8 Ivor3"'8 78 

10 Jefferson Barracks... 77 

14 Grimsley's 72 

18 Jefferson 68 

21 Kiramswick 65 

21 Windsor Harbor 65 

23 Sulphur Snrin-s 63 

26 Illinois...'....'. GO 

Pcevly , 59 



27 



30 Porinos 56 



Miles. Stations. Miles. 

35 Hematite ^. .51 

39 Victoria 47 

42 Do Soto 44 

47 Tunnel 39 

50 BlackwcU's 36 

57 Cadet 29 

01 Mineral Point 25 

65 Hopewell 21 

69 Irondale 17 

74 Blairsvillc 12 

51 Iron iloiuUaiu G 

83 Middle Brook 3 

86 Pilot Knob 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 



75 



HANNIBAL AND ST. JOBSPH RAILROAD. 



Miles. 



Stations. 



Miles. 



Hannibal 200 

10 Barkley..... 196 

14 Palmyra 192 

30 Monroe..... .176 

37 Ilunnewell 1C9 

47 Shelbina 159 

69 Clcircnco 147 

C7 Carbon 139 

Hudson 135 

Bcvier 131 

79 Callao 127 

94 Bucklin 112 



70 
75 



Miles. Stations- Miles.' 

100 St. Calharine 106 

104 Brookfield 102 

109 Laclede 97 

130 Chillicothe 76 

135 Utica 71 

145 Brcckenridge 61 

156 Hamilton 50 

171 Cameron 35 

177 Osborn 29 

185 Stewartsville 21 

194 Easton 12 

206 St. Joseph 



The Platfe County Eailroad is in operation from St. 
Joseph through Halls, Eushville, Winthrop, Sugar Creek; 
Atchison, latan, to Weston. Distance, 37 miles. 



CAIRO AND EULTON RAILROAD. 



Miles. Stations. Miles, 

Cairo 37 

1 Bird's Point, Mo 36 

4 Atcher's 33 

6 Harrison's 31 

8 Fish Lake 29 

13 Charleston... 24 

18 Bertrand 19 



Miles. 



Stations. 



Miles. 



20 Scoville 17 

24 Vannoy 13 

liO SiKESTOWN 11 

31 Hamilton., 6 

33 Little Pviver 4 



37 BUFEINGTON.. 







DISTANCE FKOM ST. LOUIS TO SIOUX CITY. 



Stations. Miles. 

Mouth Missouri River 20 

BcUefountaine Bend 5 25 

Charbonier 10 35 

St. Charles 10 45 

Howard Bend 12 57 

Howell's Ferry 5 G2 

Dozier's 5 67 

Tavern Eock 2 69 

St. Albans 1 70 

Murdock's "Woodyard S 73 

Augusta $ 7G 

Jones Point 2 78 

South Point 4 82 



Stations. 



MUes. 



LIBERTY 7 436 

WAYNE CITY 7 443 

Randolph 8 451 

KANSAS 6 457 

Kansas River 2 459 

PARKVILLE 13 472 

Little Platte River 1 473 

Van Rankins IG 489 

LEAVENWORTH.^... 8 497 

Platte Citv Landing 3 502 

WESTON 4 506 

Kickapoo 7 512 

ATCHISON 20 532 



76 



THE UAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 



Stations. Miles. 

"Washington 1 83 

St. John's Island 4 87 

Newport Landing 2 89 

Ileatiierley's Woodyard. 8 97 

Miller's Landing 1 98 

I'iiikney and Griswold's. 3 101 

EatGs' Woodyard 10 111 

Hermann 10 121 

Mouth Gasconade 8 129 

Moiining's Landing 2 131 

Portland 10 141 

Fisher's Woodyard 5 14G 

St. Aubert 5 151 

Mouth Osage 13 IGl 

Mouth Morcau 5 lUO 

JEFFEFvSON CITY 5 17-1 

Claysville 7 181 

Marion 10 101 

Eureka Landing 5 I'JiJ 

Martin's Landing 2 IDS 

Nashville ." 7 205 

Providence 2 2o7 

Mount Vernon 5 212 

Eochcport 8 220 

BOONVILLE 12 232 

Mouth Lamine 8 210 

Arrow Hock 8 213 

Little Arrow Eock 7 2j5 

BluP; Port 231 

GLASGOW 4 2G5 

Cambridge 9 274 

Ke^^tesville Lauding 10 284 

Jkickhorn Point.... 8 ^92 

P,EUMSWICK 8 300 

(irand I'dvcr 1 301 

Windsor City 7 303 

MIAMI 7 315 

Thomas' Wood Yard ti 321 

Hiirs Landing 20 341 

St. Thomas and Waverly 5 346 

Dover Landing 13 350 

LEXINGTON 12 371 

Eariuville Landing 1 372 

Wellington 7 379 

Camlen 10 389 

Napoleon 8 307 

Cogswell's Landing 5 402 

Sibley 5 407 

Eichiield 14 421 

El Paso Landing 8 429 



Stations. Miles. 

Columbus Landing G .550 

Maysville G 556 

Hart's Landing 10 5G6 

ST. JOSEPH 25 581 

Bellemont.(St'mFerry) 4 585 

Vonton 4 589 

Savannah Landing 10 599 

Sultan 3 G03 

Dallas 10 613 

Lower Oregon 12 G25 

Iowa Point 7 632 

Upper Oregon 1 633 

White Cloud 10 643 

Big Nimcha 10 653 

Eush Bottom 10 663 

Marietta 10 673 

St. Stephens 2 675 

Lowell 5 680 

ITemmes 1 681 

San Dcroine 8 689 

Morgan Island 5 694 

Nimcha City 2 698 

Eockport 6 702 

Brownsville 2 704 

Sun Island 5 709 

Sonora 1 710 

Linden 15 725 

Sidney Landing 1 726 

NE BE ASK A CITY.... 18 734 

Wyoming 11 755 

Kenosha 20 775 

EOCK BLUFF 10 785 

Bethleham 6 791 

Phittsmouth 1 792 

LaPlatte 7 799 

St. Mary's 6 805 

Belleview 811 

Council Blufls, lower.... 7 818 

COUNCIL BLUFFS...10 828 

OMxVHA CITY 2 830 

Florence 10 840 

Crescent City 10 840 

DeSoto 40 880 

ToKamah 35 915 

Little Sioux 10 925 

Decatur 35 960 

Black Bird Hills SO 990 

Omadi 30 1020 

Sargent's Bluffs K) 1030 

SIOUX CITY 20 1050 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 



77 



lABLE OF DISTANCES FEOM ST. LOUIS 
TO NEW ORLEANS. 



Statfons. Miles. 

From St. Louis to 

Jefferson Barracks 12 

Herculaneum, ...., SO 

Selma, 8G 

Ste. Genevieve, 59 

Kaskaskia Landing, ... 65 
M'th Kaskaskia liiver, 80 

Chester, 84 

Grand Tower, 130 

Bainbridge 140 

Cape Girardeau, 156 

Commerce, 172 

CAIKO, 207 

COLUMBUS, 225 

Mills' Point, .....240 

New Madrid, 282 

Island II, 287 

Needbam's Cat-off, 341 

Plumb Point, 361 

Fulton, 371 

Mouth of Hatchee,......377 

KandoipV........ 382 



stations* 



"HileS. 



MEMPHIS/..,-.-... 447 

Commerce ..487 

Helena, 532 

Napoleon, 642 

Gaines' Landing, 682 

Columbia, , 702 

Greenville, 714 

Port Worthington, 744 

Grand Lake, 749 

Ashton, 764 

Lake Providence, 774 

Miliken's Bend, 824 

A^ICKSBURG, ...., 849 

Grand Gulf,. ....899 

Eodney, 917 

NATCHEZ, 977 

iMouth Pted Eiver, 1037 

Bayou Sara, ,...,1077 

Baton Rouge, 1113 

Plaqemino, 4137 

NEW ORLEANS, ,....1247 



RITER DISTANCES 

[FROM SAINT LOUIS TO SAINT PAUI., 

■Regular Passenger Packets are running from an points 
to St. Lonis. 

JB^- The railroad crossings and railroad termini am 
designated by italic letters, referring to marginal notes. 



7^ 



THE IIAOT)-BbOK OF MISSOURI:, 



Miles. 

a St. L0Ui5.r«..-r»«» 

Alton 25 

Jersey Landing... .10 35 

Grafton 4 39 

Mason's Landing. « 2 41 

Milan 8 49 

Johnson's Land'g. 3 52 

Capau de Gris....„.15 C7 
Worthington's 

Landing .«„.10 77 

Hamburg.. 10 87 

Clarksvifle 15 102 

Louisiana 12 114 

Scott's Landing,... 6 120 

Cincinnati 10 130 

Saverton 8 138 

b Hannibal 7 145 

Marion City 12 157 

c Quincy 9 166 

La Grange 10 176 

Canton 7 183 

Tully 1 184 

Gregory's Land'g...l2 196 
Alexandria & War- 
saw 6 202 

d Keokuk & Hamil- 
ton 5 207 

Nashville 8 215 

e Montrose 4 219 



Galcna...,„. .««... .IS 442 
m Dubuque and 

Dunleith ^,25 4^67 

Weira Landing. «. 12 479 

Waupaton 8 487 

Buena Vista.„.... 6 492 

Cassville 5 497 

Guttenberg .10 507 

Clayton ^12 519 

Wyalusing 4, 623 

n McGregor's Land- 
ing .7 530 

Prairie du Chien... 3 533 

EedHouso 4 537 

Johnson's Land'g. 2 539 

Lynxville.. 14 553 

Lafayette 10 '563 

Columbus.... »....-. .4 2 665 

Lansing .;.».».-......, 2 667 

DeSoto 6 ■573 

Victory 6 579 

Warner's Landing.l2 .591 

Brownsville 8 599 

7^ La Crosse 12 611 

Manton 3 614 

Dacotah 9 623 

Hammond's Land- 

intr 2 625 



a Chicago aud St. Louis, TerreHautfe, Alton and St. Louis, and Ohio and 

Miss. K. 1;. cast; North Mo., north ; Iron M'tw soutlii I'aciiic west; aud 

S. W. Branch of I'aciJic, south-west. 
b Gt. western aud Wabash Valley K. U. east; Hanniljal aud St. Joseph R,R, 

west. 
c Chicago, Bur'land QuiucyK. R. east; IT. and St. Joseph R. R. toest. 
d Keokuk, Mt. Pl't aud ^uiscatine R. R. north; Keokuk aud Min. R.R. 

west. 
e Keokuk, Ft. DesMoines R. R. south to Keokuk. 

m Ul. Central R.R. south and east; Uubuque and Sioux City B.Swcsfj'Srtf* 
<ii McGregor and Western li.R. north-west. ^^ 

o Milwaukic aud Prairie duChien R.R. east, 
P Lacrosse aud Milwaukee R.R. east. 



lEHE HAND-BOOK OF MISSnURI. 



7d 



Miles. 

IiraUVOa,r„«T.,rrrw.* 2 221 

Fort Madison. 10 231 

Pontoo8uc.,.,..„. 6 237 

Dallas 3 240 

Burlington ,....15 255 

/Oquawka 15 270 

Kerthsburg **.12 282 

New Boston 6 288 

Newark w^.«., 2 290 

Port Louisa , 8 298 

(7 Muscatine.... 15 813 

Drury's Landing... 4 317 

Fairport..*..«„_... 5 322 

Buflfalo 12 334 

h Rock Island and 

Davenport 12 S46 

Moliue Landing.... 4 350 

Hampton..... 8 358 

Leclaire (> 364 

Port Byron and, 

/ Parkhurst , 1 365 

Princeton . 3 368 

Cordova .....„..„..., 1 869 

Camanche 10 879 

Albany 2 881 

i Clinton 6 386 

A' Fulton City and, 

Lyons .,. 5 S89 

Sabula .......18 407 

/ Savannah, 2 409 

Huntsville ....13 421 

Belle view.,,.,.,, 8 429 



641 

642 



681 

688 



CatTin,„i„i,tv.,,,. 3 628 

Richmond..,., ^„; 1 629 

Trempelean,,,,,,, 6 634 

Lamoile ,.,,, 2 636 

Homer ,.,....... 5 

Minneoush ..,.„.,,« 1 

^Winona........... 6 647 

Wild's Livnding.... 5 652 

Mountain City..,.,, 5 657 

Mount Vernon.... 10 667 

Minneiska ,««.. S^ 670 

West Newton „ 5 675 

Alma 8 

Wabashaw 8 

Nelson 8 Landing. 2 690 

Pepin 2^ 692 

N.Pepin, Johnstown, ' 
Lake Citj", Central 
Point, Florence, New- 
han. Well's Landing, 
and Harrisburg, all 

on Lake Pepin 

Wacouta.. 22 ' 714 

Redwing 6 720 

Diamond Bluff 12 732 

Point Prescott...,..12 744 

Point Douglass....^. 1 745 

Hastings „. 2 747 

Pine Bend ......12 759 

Red-Rock « 7 766 

Caposia 3 769 

r St. Paul«. ,.,.. 6) 775 



/ Chicapro, Bur'l and Quincy R. R. east; Bur'l and Mo. River R. B, VhUtt 

Keokuk and Carthage li.R. east. 
g S. W. Branch Miss and Mo. K.R. west, 
h C. and ii I. U.K. east ; Miss, and JNlo. R.'S,,1JKSt, 
i Chicago, Iowa and Nebraska ii.ll. west. 
k Iowa Div., Galena and Chicago BJi. east'i 
I Racine and Miss. K.R. east. 
9 VVmona and St. Peters R.K. wcsf. ^. 

* Minnesota and Pacific roest } St. Paurftnd ST. JfMthonyncrTw, 



80 THE HAND-BOOK OF MLSSOURI. 

DESCRIPTION OF COUNTIES. 

ADAIR COUNTY. 

This coimty i? situated in the north-western portion 
of the State, and has an area of about G30 square miles. 
The county emJbraces a desirable division of prairie and 
timber land. The prairies extend through the county 
in a north and soutJi direction; upon a " divide" between 
Chariton and Salt rivers. These streams and their 
tributaries are well timbered. Bituminous coal, and 
limestone and sandstone for building purposes are abun- 
dant. The soils are fertile, and well adapted to all pur- 
poses of the farmer or stock grower, 

"When the North Missouri is completed, as it will be at 
no very distant day, it will give the farmers and manu- 
facturers a ready market at their very doors, and wo 
anticipate a rapid growth in wealth and importance, of 
every county along its line. 

ANDREW COUNTY 

Is bounded on the west by the Missouri and Nodaway 
rivers, on the south by Buchanan, and separated from 
the Iowa line by Nodaway county. The land is fertile 
and rolling — more timber than prairie. The average 
product of farms, is, of hemp, 600 to 1000 lbs. per acre ; 
corn 100 bushels; wheat 40; oats 30; buckwheat 50 ; 
potatoes, onions and beets, immense crops ; grapes flour- 
ish finely, producing 600 to 800 gallons of wine to the 
acre ; good yields of all > kinds of grasses, and most va- 
rieties of fruit. Unimproved land is held at from §2 
to §G per acre, and ijnproved farms at from §15 to $50 — 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURr. 81 

in rara instances property can bo purchased at lower fig- 
ures. Water power hii3 boon iaii^roved; and isin. uac on 
the Ono-hiindrod and 'Ihvo, the Piatto and Nodaway. 

Savannah, the county scat, is nvo miles from the Mis- 
souri rivor, and twelve miles from St. Joseph. 

ATCHINSON COUNTY 

I9 situated in the extreme north-western part of the 
State, This is a new county — first settled in IS-iO, and 
in 18G0 had 40153 inhabitants. About one-half of the 
county is level and undulatinj^, and the other half some- 
what broken — couimonlj^ calling ^'Tolling" land. Tho 
soil is fertile and Avell adapted to farming and grazing 
purposes. Corn, wheat, oats, hemp, and tobacco, are 
the ]nuncipal products. Farmers and mechanics are 
greatly needed, land is cheap, good water power, unim- 
proved upon the Nishnabotana, Tarkeo, and Eock Creek. 
Facilities Jlbr reaching market are offered by the Mis- 
souri river, which washes tho A'festern border of tho 
county, and the St. Joseph and Council Bluifs' railroad 
in course of construction, which will traverse tho county. 
See statistical taUes for population; amount of unentered 
land, &c. 

AUDRAIN COUNTY 

Is situated north from the centre of the State, and em- 
braces an area of GSO square miles. The face of tho 
country is generally rich, undulating prairie, inter- 
Bpepsed with timber — about three-fourths being prairie. 
Being on the high lands, or " divide" between the Mis- 
sissippi and the Missouri, the climate is liealthy, and the 



g2 THE HAXD-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

numerous streams rnnning north, south and east, furnish 
a good supiily of water, Tho soil is well adapted to the 
growth of grasses of all kinds, oats and eorn — hence is 
favorable for stock-growing. All kinds of grain, grasses, 
fruit and vegetables raised here, and farmers will find 
excellent land, favorably located, at low prices, and a 
good demand for all kinds of produce. The county is 
traversed by the North Missouri railroad, affording good 
facilities for reaching market. Manufactories of woolen 
goods, farming utensils, carriages, wagons, &c., could bo 
established at Mexico, the county seat, profitably. Tho 
country trade from Mexico extends 25 miles in every 
direction. 

BARRY COUNTY. 

This county is situated in the south-west corner of the 
State. The land is generally undulating and fertile, 
with a good division of prairie and timber. Great in- 
ducements are hei*e offered to those wishing to engage 
in farming, mining, manufacturing or stock raising. 
There are few counties in the State where each of tho 
above branches of industry can be prosecuted more suc- 
cessfully. All kinds of grain, fruit and vegetables do 
well and return an abundant yield. Tho great draw- 
back to this section is the want of an outlet to market, 
but the day is not very distant, when the south-western 
branch of the Pacific railroad will be completed. Tho 
northern part of the county is well supplied with good 
building material, and lead ore in considerable quantities 
have been found. Mines opened in town. 25, ranse 25, 
with success. 



THE HAND-BOOK OJ MlSSOUfil. 83 

BARTON COUNTY. 

Is situated on tho western boundary of the State. It is 
generally high table kinds, level enough for agricultural 
purposes, but well drained. Tho land is principally prai« 
rie, interspersed with extensive groves of timber, con- 
sisting of linn, hickory, oak, locust, walnut, sycamore, 
cedar, cottonwood and elm, of which there will bo suf- 
ficient for all practical purposes. The gravelly ridges are 
admirably adapted to fruit culture. Coal is abundant 
in many parts of tho county, and several beds havo 
been opened and worked with success. Limestone and 
sandstone, clays and sands for building are very abun- 
dant. Tho county is in a prosperous condition, and 
presents great inducements to stock growers. 

BATES COUNTY 

Is on the western boundary of the State, near the middle 
on a north and south line. Tho territory now embraced 
within this county was first settled by Missionaries sent 
out by the American Board of Foreign Missions in 1818, 
and " Harmony Mission," where their school and church 
was located, is shown upon many of tho older maps. 
(For a full history of the operations of thia mission, seo 
"Missouri As It Is," in 1865, page 184.) 

Bates county is situated upon the dividing ground be- 
tween the waters of Grand Eiver on the north, and 
Marias des Cigno on the south. Tho prairies are high, 
rich and rolling j tho only poor land in the county being 
that upon tho high limestone ridges, which are covered 
with timber, lu the north-west portion of tho county, 



84 5:he hand-book of missodei. 

the prairies are large. The bottoms along the larger 
streams are well timbered. Springs are abundant; indi- 
cations of load axid iron. Landa ctin. be purchased here 
on very reasonable terms, 

BENTON COITNrS 

Is situated in the west central part of tho State. Tho 
general character of the country is broken j about one- 
fourth being undulating prairie^ (the north portion,) tho 
remainder rough timber land. There are some excellent 
bottom lands in the central part under a good state of 
cultivation. The streams, (shown upon the map,) are 
cold, clear, rapid, and generally gravelly bottomed, and 
in many places tho towering cliffs that overhang tho 
streams, crowned by cedars hanging from fissures in the 
rocks, render the scenery truly grand. Excellent water 
power unimproved— a capital opening for saw or grist 
mills. The Osage river is navigable as hi^h as Manoa, 
a new town twenty miles from the western boundary 
line of the State. Warsaw, the county seat, is the prin- 
cipal shipping point for this county. The S. "W". Branch 
Pacific R.R. will pass through the adjoining county, north. 
The crops usually raised are corn, wheat, oats, rye, to- 
bacco, &c. Mules and horses valued at $50,000 have been 
annually sold from this county — driven south.- Lead ore 
is abundant, and mines aro already opened. There were 
last spring, 110,000 acres of unentered land in the 
county. 

» BOLLIN'GER COUNTY 

Is situated in the south-east part of the State. "Was 
formed in 1850, principally from Cape Girardeau, Tho 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 85 

general surface of the county is broken, but the land is 
fertile and Avell timbered. Most kinds of grain and veg- 
etables yield abundant crops. Beds of iron ore exist in 
the county, but have not to the present time been 
worked. Immese beds of Kaolin, so highly prized in 
Europe, for the manufacture of porcelain or iron-stone, 
china-ware, are found in this county. Also, pipe or ball 
clay, and extensive deposits of the best quality of fire 
clay, for the manufacture of fire bricks or " glass-pots." 
Some of the latter has been subjected to 140 degrees 
Fahrenheit without affecting it in the least. The proper 
material for glazing porcelain ware is also abundant. 
The county scat, Dallas, is but 25 miles from the Mis- 
sissippi river at Cape Girardeau. The railroad from 
Ironton to Capo Girardeau is projected through the 
county. Here is a splendid opening for capitalists to es- 
tablish porcelain or glass ware manufactories. 

BOONE COUNTY 

Is situated near the centre of the State, and the territory 
now embraced in the county, was first settled in 1815. 
The northern portion of the county is generally undu- 
lating — the southern portion principally broken. About 
turee-fourths of the county is timber land, affording an 
abundant supply for all practical purposes. The soil is, 
much of it, of the bluff formation, and from an analysis 
made by Dr. Litton for the State Geological Survey, this 
is shown to bo " the very best soil for wheat and rye in 
the State," and "well adapted to corn, tobacco, oats and 
grasses." In many portions of the county the soil is 



86 THE HAHD-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

peculiarly adapted to fruit culture. This county offers 
the immigrant a good variety of soil, an abundance of 
timber, inexhaustible beds of coal, excellent schools and 
good openings for any kind of business. About seven 
miles from Columbia is " Connor's cave/' the entrance to 
which is twenty feet wide, and eight feet high, which is 
said to have been penetrated several miles, 

BUCHANAN COUNTY 

Is situated in the west north-west part of the State, 
bounded on the west by the Missouri river which separ- 
ates it from Kansas. This county is principally made 
up of undulating — commonly called "rolling prairie" 
land. There is a good growth of timber along the mar« 
gins of the streams, and hero and there fine groves upon 
the prairies. The soil is deep and very fertile, pro- 
ducing all kinds of grain, grasses, fruit, and vegetables 
found in this latitude. Some farmers have i)roduced as 
high as 1500 lbs. hemp to the acre, 125 bushels of corn, 
and proportionately large crops of wheat, i-ye, oats, &c., 
and fruit and vegetables yield largely. The " Platte 
Country," of which this is a portion, has a world-wide 
fame for its fertility and deep soil. The climate is 
healthy, salubrious, and free from miasmatic influences. 
Farming implements, mill machiner}^, household furni- 
ture, woolen and cotton fobrics, boots and shoes, and 
scores of other articles could be manufacturerd hero to 
advantage. St. Joseph, the commercial city of the 
county, is one of the most flourishing business points in 
the State, Being the western terminus of the Hauni- 



THE HAXD-BOOK OF MISSOUEI. 87 

bal and St. Joseph railroad, and in direct commnnicalion 
with all points in tho-cast, makes this thc-cnti'cport for tho 
shipment of produce, peltries and furs from a section of 
country ti-aversed by tho navigable Missouri for 2000 
miles to the north-west, while the trade from tho plains 
and tein-itories beyond is immense. Capitalists, man- 
ufacturers, mechanics, farmers, and all classes of im- 
migrants will Jioro find great attractions. 

BUTLER COUNTY 

In the south-eastern portion of tho State, is bormded on 
the south by the Arkansas State line. A good portion 
of the land has been returned as " swamp land,'' but 
can principally be reclaimed by drains and levees. A 
portion of the south half of tho county is frequently over- 
flowed, which until drained makes it unfit for permanent 
improvement, unless it be for cranberry culture, for 
which both tho soil and climate is said to be well 
adapted, ar.d from which some farmers can realize 
handsome profits. Some of the very best of farming 
lands are in this county, and, as an old resident says, 
"there are few localities whcix farmers can make a com- 
fortable living and lay up mono}^ easier than here." Of 
timbci', the growth on tho high ground is principally 
beach and white oak^ in the bottoms a mixed growth. 
Groves of cypress flourish in tho bottoms of the St. 
Francis, a short distance from Chalk Bluffs. Felix R. 
Brunot, of Pittsburg, purchased 1500 acres of very rich 
hematite iron ore land at Indian Ford, where ho contem- 
plates establishing extensive iron works at an early day. 



oa THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

There are other immenso bods of iron through the 
county. The South-East Missouri, iiailroad Company, 
chartered hy the last legislature, will pass through the 
north-east corner of Butler county. Immigrants and 
capitalists will find inducements for favoraMe invest- 
ment in mineral lands, farming, grazing or manufac- 
turing. Black river is navigable to within fifteen miles 
of Poplai- Bluff. 

CALDWELL COUNTY 

Is situated in the Northwest quarter of the State, and 
was first settled by the Mormons in 1835. The face of 
the county is principally undulating prairie, with an 
abundance of timber in groves along the water courses. 
The soil is very fertile and well adapted to farming and 
grazing; embracing extensive natural meadows, an 
abundance of good stock water, a deep and lasting soil 
that produces all kinds of grain and fruit that grow in 
this climate, with but little waste land in the county. 
For manufacturing purposes there is good water power 
on the Shoal, Log and Bi'ush creeks, and Crooked Run — 
unimproved, excepting on Shoal creek. Capitalists, 
manufacturers, mechanics, farmers and laborers of all 
classes will find good inducements for investment and 
ehoice localities for business. 

CALLAWAY COUNTY 

Is situated in the cast central part of the State, and was 
first settled in 1818. The surface of the county along 
the river is level and fertile, the northern portion being 
broken and hilly, extending out upon the jidgo which 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 89 

divides the waters of the Mississippi from those of the 
Missouri. About one-third of the county is prairie. 
IBcds of bituminous coal underlie the county, estimated 
to be tvventy-four feet thick in some places ; iron ore, 
marble, fine gi*ained limestone, potter's clay, and exten- 
sive banks of cannel coal are found in the county, all in 
quantities that pay for working. Beds of very fine 
marble exists in this county, pronounced superior to any 
found in the United States, and inferior to none but 
Italian. This is situated but six miles from Fulton. 
This county embraces a great variety of soil, and is 
adapted to the various purposes of agriculture, stock 
jgrowing and fruit culture. A more minute description 
'of this county will be found in " Missouri As It Is." 

CAMDEN COUNTY 

Is situated in the south central part of the State. The 
I face of the country is rolling and some portions broken, 
and well timbered, except in the extreme south-eastern 
corner. There is but little prairie in the county. The 
surface may bo said to be made up of a succession of 
Ihills, valleys, and beautiful woodlands. The soil is rich 
jand productive. The hills of the Big and Little Niangua 
are truly picturesque, while the water power of these 
streams, together with their fine forests of oak, walnut, 
'cherry, and a variety of other timber arc objects of great 
interest to mechanics and manufacturers. A single 
I spring on the Big Niangua furnishes water enough for 
I any amount of machinery. Good flouring and saw mills, 
I carding machine, woolen factories, grist mills, etc., 
I would pay well upon the capital invested, as the water 
i 



90 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

power is abundant; the raw material at hand; and tho 
homo market would fully equa' the supply. There is 
both lead and iron in this county, and 310,000 acres of 
land subject to entry at ^1 25. 

CAPE aiRARDEAU COUNTY, 

In tho south' eastern part of the State, was first settled 
by Frenchmen in 1794. (For a full history of tlie early 
settlement; see "Missouri As It Is in 1865," pages 208 and 
209.) The southern portion of the county is mostly 
level ; the other portions present a moderately uneven 
surface; very little more than enough to insure good 
drainage, unless it be in tho first range of hills adjacent 
to tho Mississippi river; in the northeast part of tho 
county; somo of which aro abrupt. It is a heavily 
timbered country — no prairie. Tho timber consists of 
poplar, ash; sugar, maplo; cheny; elm, beech; and tho 
varieties of walnut; hickory, oak, etc, in abundance. 
Tho oak and poplar near tho rivor has been pronounced 
the best in the Mississippi Valley for boat building pur- 
poses. The soil is very fertile, and produces an abund- 
ant yield of corn, wheat, oatS; the different grasses and 
tobacco. The diflferent varieties of fruits and vegetables 
are cultivated with profit. The country is well watered 
and good water power on somo of the streams. Tlie 
city of Cape Girardeau is built upon a solid bed of 
marble; which rock is very hard, compact, does not 
crack from the action of frost, and is within one per 
cent, of pure lime. This marble has been used in neigh- 
boring cities, to some extent, for building purposes. 



iXHB aAND-SaoK OF MISSOURI. 91 

Besidog, here are bods of variegated marbles — the white 
and black, the purple, red and white, and the yellow and 
white, all susceptible of a fine polish. These marbles are 
all convenient to the city. This country is increasing 
in population and wealth, and great iaducementg are 
offered to aU.clasaca of immigrants. 

CAJIROLL COTJNr? 

Is situated on the north bank of the Missouri river, in 
the north central part of the State. The general charac- 
ter of the country is undulating or rolling, not very 
fertile, with a good supply of timber land, for all prac- 
tical purposes. Almost every variety of location, bluff 
or valley, timber or prairie, can be found in this county, 
and many beautiful locations for large stock farms, for 
which the climate and location render this county 
peculiarly adapted. The soil is generally favorable to 
the cultivation of all kinds of grain, grasses, fruit, and 
root crops that flourish in this latitude. Stone coal is 
abundant j lead ore has been found in various localities, 
also some pieces of iron ore; but no systematic mining 
has been done. Excellent quarries suitable for grind- 
stones, also good building stone, are abundant. There 
are in this county several mounds rising from one to 
four hundred and fifty feet above the level of the sur- 
rounding country. Bogart's is the highest, then Stokes* 
Potato Hill Mound, etc. Out of Bogart's Mound, (situ- 
ated a little way north of the centre of the county,) is 
an oil spring, from which the people of that vicinity 
have taken oil for lubricating purposes for years. We 



92 THE HAKD-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

anticipate that the Petroleum fever "will bo prevalent 
there at an early day, and should not bo surprised if a 
valuable oil spring would there be developed. Lead oro 
has been found in several portions of th^ CQUUty, but BO 
mines have bwu opened, 

CARTEH COUNTY 

Is situated in Southeast Missouri; the surface quito 
broken and heavily timbered; with fertile valleys which 
produce good farm products, while the slopes of the hill 
sides are well adapted to the culture of the vine, and all 
kinds of fruit. The same minerals so abundant in aU 
the counties surrouilding it also exist here — especially 
iron and copper. The scenery along the Current river 
is truly grand. The steep, rugged cliffs of pure white 
limestone, are overshadowed by pines of every size, from 
the beautiful little dwarf that clings to the sides and 
crevices of the projecting rocks to the giant old sentinels 
that tower up from the summit of the cliff. Here the 
cascades that rush through perpendicular walls, or mur- 
mur through the little valleys and natural bowers, tarry- 
ing here and there on the way, in beautiful pebble- 
bottomed ponds, in whose crystal waters the speckled 
trout are found in abundance. This is a favorite section 
of the State for fishing and sporting j^artios. Most ex- 
cellent water power exists along the Current river, 

CASS COUNTY 

Is situated on the very western border of the State. 
About one-eighth is bottom land, and very nearly all 
tillable. There is scarce a solitary IGO acres in the 



THE ilvnd-cocjk: of missouei. ii3 

county btit ^vill furnish a good living to a large family. 
The surface is undulating, pi'incipally prairie, but a 
great abundance of timber — black walnut, hickory, all 
varieties of oak, sycamore, clra, locust, box-older, black, 
blue and white ash, wild plums and native grapes very 
plenty. Yaluablo limestone quarries furnish an abund- 
ance of building stone. All kinds of grain, grasses, 
fruit and vegetables yield abundantly. Both native and 
cultivated fruit of all kinds very plent}'. Springs aro 
numerous — stock Avater abundant — wells reached in 12 
to 18 feet — pure limestone water. Fine coal mines open 
eight miles south from Ilarrisonville, also numerous 
coal banks in western part of the county. Blue grass 
grows spontaneously. Excellent water pov/er on the 
tributaries of Grand river, for grist mills and maniifac- 
tories. This is a splendid grazing country. The county 
is traversed by the Pacific railroad. Farm-ers,- stock- 
growers or manufacturers will find rare inducements in 
Cass county. 

CEDAR COUNTY, 

In the south-western part of the State, is undulating with 
about an equal division of prairie and timber. Stone 
coal is abundant, but used only for neighborhood pur- 
poses. The soil is fertile, -well adapted to all agricultu- 
ral purposes, aad especially to stock raising and fruit 
growing. Unimproved water power upon the Big and 
Little Sac, and Cedar Creek. ' There wag in March 
20,000 acres of vacant government land, subject to 
entry at 81^5. 



94 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

CHARITON COUNTY. 

This county is situated on the Missouri river, in the 
north central part of the State. The soil and climate of 
" old Chariton" may be understood, when we state that 
this has for some years past been one of the lai'gest 
tobacco growing counties in the State. Corn has been 
produced so exclusively in years past, as- to be dull at 
ten and twelve and a half cents per bushel. The spon- 
taneous products of the forests and prairies furnished 
an abundance of food for stock, so that there was poor 
demand for corn at home or abroad. Coal is abundant 
in every region of the county, but only surface veins 
have yet been opened, except in one or two regions. 
(For a detailed history of Chariton county from its first 
settlement, description of the coal formation, and the 
statistics of various crops grown — too lengthy for this 
woi'k-— SCO " Missouri As It Is in 1865/' pages 217 to 220 
inclusive. 

CHRISTIAN COUNTY. 

This nertv county is situated in the «outheastem por- 
tion of the State — was organized in 1859. The face of 
the country is undulatiiag — some portions rather broken, 
generally heavily timbered, with excellent soil in the 
valleys and upon some of the uplands. (See description 
of Greene county, from which it was formed.) The soil 
and climate both adapt this county to fruit culture and 
stock growing. Extensive deposits of iron ore have 
been found in this county, also, small quantities of lead 
and coppor ore, but no attantioa aa yet given to mining. 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. ^•^•'3 

The location of these mineral deposits are shown upon 
the "Geological Map of Missouri" just issued in pocket 
form. There were in March, 1865, 197,000 acres of 
Government land in this county subject to entry at the 
BooneviUe Land Office. 

CLAHKB CCIINTY 

Forms the extreme north-east comer of the State, and i3 
separated from Iowa by the DesMoines river and from 
Illinois by the Mississippi. It is also watered by the 
Fox and "Waconda rivers, which with their tributaries 
are skirted with groves of timber, while the rolling "di- 
vides" between them are prairie. This county is ad- 
vantageously situated at the mouth of one of the richest 
valleys in the great and fertile west. If the north lino 
of the county was continued due east until it reached the 
Mississippi river, making Clarke a square county, it 
would give her about a dozen towns now in Iowa, in- 
cluding the cities of Keokuk and Fort Madison, all of 
which she now has for a local market if desirable. The 
soil of the county is rolling and fertile, well calculated 
for farming purposes. The timber (of which there is a 
a good supply,) consists of oak, hickory, elm, etc. 
There are several banks of good stone coal in the county, 
and some excellent cannel coal. Farmers and mechan- 
ics of all kinds will find in this county good business 
locations. 

CLAT COUKTT 

Is situated in the west northwest part of the &tate, on 
the Missouri river. The face of the countiy is somewhat 



9G THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 

broken, and generally well timbered, with smalt prairies 
in various portions of the county. The soil is remark- 
ably fertile, and the county well watered. This county 
is noted for its fine farms and wealthy, intelligent 
farmers and stock growers. According to a recent cen- 
sus. Clay was one of the most productive agricultural 
counties in the State; notwithstanding which, there 
were at that time 142,661 acres of unimproved land in 
the county. Clay was foremost to organize teacher's 
institutes, and the citizens have always manifested more 
liberality and enterprise in the support of schools, than 
any other county in the State in proportion to her pop- 
ulation. There are several first class ably conducted 
seminaries in the county. Farmers, manufacturers, 
mechanics and business men of all classes, will here find 
fertile soil, a healthy climate, abundance of timber and 
building materials, good prices and a ready market for 
all products either agricultural or mechanical, and an 
honest, industrious, and hospitiible people. 

CLIXTON COUNT"? 

Is situated in the north-western part of the State, 
bounded on the west and south by Buchanan, Platto and 
Clay, which separate this county from the Missouri 
river. About two-thirds of the area of this county is 
undulating })rairic land, fertile and easily tilled ; the re- 
maining one-third is timber land, confined principallj'' to 
the water courses and valleys. Blue and gray limestone 
and sandstone are abundant in some portions of the 
county, and there are indications of coal in several 



THE EAHD-BQOK OF mSSODRI. 97 

localities, though no-thorough investigations have been 
made, as fuel is plenty. Several of the streams aro 
rapid and have unimproved mill seats upon them. Ex- 
cept in large prairies, springs are quite numerous. Tho 
' soil is fertile and will produce good crops of all kinds of 
grass, grain, fruit and vegetables grown in this latitude. 
Honest, industrious, loyal farmers and mechanics will 
here find a healthy climate, good soil, and a laarket for 
all kiad^i of articles they can produce. 

COLE COUNTY 

Is situated on the Missouri river, near the centre of tho 
State. The face of the country is generally rolling or 
broken, with thin soil, generally well adapted to the 
growth of small grain and fruits of all kinds. On tho 
bottoms of the Missouri, Osage and Moreau, is good 
alluvial soil, very fertile, embracing perhaps one-fourth 
the area of the county. The soil and climate are favor- 
able to fruit culture; the poaches seldom fail, and all 
kinds of fruits, including the grape, yield abundantly. 
Tho interior of the county is drained by Moreau creek, 
which rises so rapidly and to -such a height, that it is 
upon some maps called a river. Fish are numerous in 
this stream ; and it is related by a former representative 
from this county who had a mill upon the Moreau, that 
the fish were so numerous as to frequently clog the 
wheels and stop the mill. Then tho only alternative 
was to shut the gate and beat the water with poles, to 
drive them away! The Capitol of tho State, Jefferson 
City, is located in this county, and the beautiful lime- 
Stone from which tho Capitol building is construotedi is 



U8 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

vciy abundant, forming a stratum of upwards of forty 
feet in thickness, in the bluffs upon which Jefferson 
City is situated. Limestone suitable for making hydrau- 
lic cement is found in the bluffs above the city, and 
sandstone, for building,, and sand and clay for brick aro- 
also abundant. Timber in gi-eat variety and of good 
size is found on the bluffs and in the valleys. (For 
history of Cole county,- see Missouri As It Is, pages 233, 
and 235.) Both lead ore and coal are found in thia 
county; but no systematic raining has been done* 

OOOPEE COtJNTT 

Is fiittiated on tlis south side of the Missotiri liver, in IKo 
central part of the State. The face of the country is 
gently undulating,, and advantageously diversified with 
timber and prairie — there are very few counties possess- 
ing a more equal division of what is so desirable to 
farmers— prairie and timber land. The alluvial soil 
occupies a lar^e area in the bottoms of the Missouri, the 
Lamine and the Little Saline, and is generally covered 
with a heavy growth of cottonwood, sycamore, elm, box- 
elder, sugar-tree, white maple, rod birch, white, black 
and blue ash, coffee tree, honey locust, the various kinds 
of oaks and hickories, red-bud, hackberry, willows and 
grapo. The soil of the county at lai'ge, is very fertile 
and well adapted to all the purposes of agriculture. 
Springs, both fresh and mineral, are abundant — several 
6f which are classed as " brine " and " sulphur." Chou- 
teau Si^'iog, about ton miles from Boonvillc, has a wide 
reputation as a pleasant and healthy watering place. 



THS HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI.; ©9 

Water bursts from the earth in four places, within a' 
short distance from each other. The amount of water 
discharged is ten gallons per minute, or 14,000 gallons 
per day, and the gas that escapes at least two gallona 
per minute. The most extensive manufactory in the 
countj^is that of the "Booneville Wine Company," about 
one mile above Boonville. Their vineyard and orchard 
embraces upwards of 100 acres. The lands are admir- 
ably suited to grape culture. Haas' catawba has a wide 
reputation. An extensive woolen factory, and an agri- 
cultural implement manufactory are much needed, and 
would prove profitable investments. 

CRAWFORD COUNTY 

Is situated southeast of the center of the State. This 
has been called the " Mother of Counties," from the fact 
that for many years her bordei's extended to the western 
part of the State. County after county has, from time 
to time, been cut from her western and southern bor- 
ders, and the finale was accomplished in the formation of 
Phelps county, in 1857. The county embraces a great 
yariety of soil — bottom, valley, table land, prairie and 
sandy soils. It is well adapted to corn, wheat, oats, 
grasses, fruit and vegetables. Stock growing would pay 
well here. The valleys of the large streams are 
frequently hcavil}^ timbered. Iron, lead and copper are 
abundant in the county, and coal has been found in two 
or three places. The localities of these minerals are 
shown upon the new geological map of Missouri, just 
issued by the author of this Hand-book. The Southwest 



100 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOUIir* 

Brancli of the Pacific Eailroad traverses the northwest 
portion of the county. 

DADE COUNTY 

la situated in the south-western part of the State. The 
face of the country is undulating, and in some portions 
broken — more prairie than timber. The soil is generally 
fertile, and well adajited to the various purposes of agi*i- 
eulture, horticulture, and stock raising. Water power is 
abundant — upon some of the streams unimproved. Iron, 
copper, and coal have been found in various parts of the 
county, but no mines have been worked to any con- 
sidorablc estent. Timber enough along the valleys for 
practical purposes. The mildness of the climate, abun- 
dance of native and cultivated grasses, and of stock 
water, render this county well adapted to stock growing. 
Thousands of cattle have been driven from here to Utah 
and California. There were, on the 1st of March, about 
30,000 acres of government land in this county, subject 
to entry at the Booneville Land OiSee. For population, 
and location of minerals, see "Parker's Geological Map 
of Missouri" just published. 

DALLAS COUNTY 

Is situated in the south-west central part of the State. 
Eoth the surface and soil of the county are diversified. 
A portion of the county is quite level, or undulating, and 
some pr.rts broken and rough. The prairies have gen- 
erally a sub-soil of red clay, which upon experiment has 
been pronounced well adapted to farming purposes, but 
we question whether it can bo relied upon for grain. 



«!». 



THE HAND-BOOK OF rasSOUHI. 



101 



The timber land is rocky, but the soil is black and fertile, 
especially in the valleys. The ridges, which by many 
have been considered as barren and worthless, we find 
generally covered with wide spreading arbors of native 
grape vines, yielding largely of several varieties of wild 
grapes, which is conclusive evidence of their adaptatidh 
to grape . and fruit culture. Brycos' Spring, in T. 34, 
K. 18, " rises in a secluded valley and flows away — a 
river." It discharges more than 120 cubic feet of water 
per second, or 10,927,872 cubic feet per day. Lead ore 
has been found in several localities. The Southwest 
Branch Pacific railroad will pass near the Boutheru 
boundary of the county. 

DAVIESS COUNTY 

Is situated in the north-western part of the State. Sur- 
face generally undulating — some portions nearly level — 
one-half prairie, the remainder hard-wood timber. The 
county is well watered, and forms a part of the ^' Grand 
Eiver Country," so famous for its fertility. The soil is 
well adapted to farming, grazing, and fruit growing. 
At the last sale, of what had been returned as « swamp 
lands," in this county, the competition was so great 
that considerable of the. land sold for 820 per acre, and 
none for less than %2> 50— the average price about 112 
per acre. Farmers will make a note of this. 

DEKALB COUNTY 

Is in the north-western part of the State. The polls of 
the county are fertile and well adapted to the culture of 
hemp, corn, wheal, oats, tobacco, etc. Hemp has been 



102 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOUIII. 

•regarded as the most profitable crop — yielding from 
1000 to 1500 pounds to the acre, which costs, say $25 per 
acre to raise and prepare for market, and was quoted 
in February, '65, at from 8135 to 165 per ton for un- 
dressed — good to choice at St. Louis. Small grains 
yield abundantly. Horses, mules, cattle and s^eep, do 
well and stock raising is profitable. Building stone, 
clay for bricks, and hard-wood timber, abundant. The 
general surface is undulating, and diversified by prairies 
and woodlands. The Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad 
passes through the southern border of the county. 

DENT COUNTY 

Is in the south eastern portion of the State — centrally 
situated on the dividing ridge, miscalled the " Ozark 
mountains." This ridge has very fow of the charac- 
teristics of a mountain. It is here a wide table land 
having an altitud'e of about 1000 feet above St. Louis. 
The top of the divide is formed of the second sandstone 
of the Missouri Geological Survey, and under this the 
third magnosian limestone. The stratum of sandstone 
is from 60 to 100 feet thick, and covered with a yellow 
pine forest. Extensive white oak groves along the south 
side of the main divide and its branches between the 
water courses. Both timber and prairie lands are fer- 
tile—the former predominating. In the northern part 
of the county is an extensive specular iron field, and in 
the southern, extensive hematite iron banks. Several 
veins of copper have also been discovered. (For location 
of minerals, see *' Parker's Geological Map of Missouri.") 



THE HAND-DOOK OF MISSOURI. 103 

Good openings ate presented for capitalists, tnincrs, 
mechanics of all kinds, farmers and stock growers. ^ 

DOUGLAS COUNTY, 

In the soutliern part of the State, is generally sterile and 
broken, and a great portion of the land unfit for culti- 
vation — valuable only for the excellent pine, oak, and 
walnut timber that abound throughout the county. 
There were in 1860, twelve saw mills and eight flouring 
mills, all propelled by water power, furnishing lumber 
to adjoining counties. The soil and climate are well 
adapted to fruit and grape culture, corn, wheat, potatoes, 
turnips, rye, tobacco ; and the usual varieties of grasse* 
are profitably produced in the valleys. More r .-cban- 
ics are wanted, and persons with energy and < .'.ital to 
engage in grape culture, and above all — a corps of good 
school teachers. There were in March, 18G5; 400,900 
acres of government land subject ta entry* 

DUNKLIN COUNTY 

Is situated in the extreme southeastern portion of tho 
State, and extends 36 miles south of the general southern 
line — reaching 36° north latitude. The shape of tho 
county is oblong, its length north and south being 45 
miles, with an average width of about 11 miles. Tho 
county is well watered — too well — by the Whitewater^ 
St. Francois, and numerous lakes and ponds. Thia 
county, together with several adjoining, was severely 
injured by the earthquakes of 1811-12, since which timo 
a great portion of it has been what is termed " swamp 
laud." Many of these swamps can be reclaimed by 
dv^.inage, with but little expense, and will. then be araotig 



104: THE HAND-BOOK OP MLSSOURI. 

the most fertile lands in the State. The Legislature in 
1849-50 passed a bill making an appropriation for the 
reclamation of swamp lands of southeast Missouri, but 
nothing of importance has been done toward it. There 
are some good farms in the county, and the land is 
everywhere very fertile. According to the Surveyor 
Genei-al's Eeport, several portions laid down in the 
survey, and generally shown on maps as lakes or 
swamps, are now among the best farms in the county, 
"Whether this has been an error on the part of surveyors. 
or that by some natural causes these lakes have become 
dry land, is a question for investigation. 

FRANKLIN COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of the State, on the 
south side of the Missouri river, which forms its north- 
ern boundary. The surface is broken, consisting chiefly 
of ranges of hills, elevated from 100 to 300 feet above 
the level of adjacent streams, and often separated from 
each other by deep valleys — some of them very narrow, 
others wide. The general direction of the main ridges 
are northeast and southwest. In the southern part of 
the county the surface is very uneven. The numerous 
rapid streams afford an abundance of water, and the 
valleys are fertile. Franklin is one of the best timbered 
counties in the State, and there is but one small prairie 
in the whole county. This county is particularly rich 
in minerals. There is fully thirty lead mines in the 
county, and four Scotch-hearth lead furnaces. Brown 
hematite iron ore is found in several places in the south- 
east part of tho. county. A fine bod of Alabaster .has 



THB HAHD-BOOK 01 MISSOUEI, 105 

also recently Leen discovered. This mineral region is 
traversed by the Southwest Branch of Pacific railroad, 
and by the Maramec river, affording superior facilities 
for taking the mineral to St. Louis. Fully one-half of 
the county is a lead-field, and ore maybe looked for in 
workable quantities, in almost every section of land in 
this part of the counti-y. Tkere were 14,000 acrea of 
unentered land in the county in. March, 1865, 

GASCONADE COCrNrY 

l9 situated on the right bank of the Missonri river, and 
next west of Franklin (last described), to which, in 
many respects, it is quite similar. The north and east 
half of the county is hilly and t)roken, and in some places 
bold flint-hills or knobs occur, which are entirely desti- 
tute of timber and unfit for cultivation. Lead ore is re- 
ported to have been found in some of these flint ridges, 
but others think it mixed — Avith uncertainty. The 
valleys are very fertile, and a number of superior farms, 
of bottom land, are under a good state of cultivation. 
The prairies are small, dry and fertile. The county is 
very well watered. Along the banks of the Gasconade 
are a number of saltpetre caves, which were profitably 
worked several years since. Some of these caves are 
large and interesting, consisting frequently of a succes- 
sion of rooms joined to each other by arched halls of a 
considerable height. This county is principally settled 
by Germans, who devote more attention to grape culture 
than to farming. Largo tracta of land are occupied by 
well-cultivated vineyards, especially in the vicinity of 



lOG tea HAND-BOOK or MISSOURt, 

ITGrmaTm, iind yvQ ard asgured that grape cnltnro nfid 
■wine making is moro profitable than any other branch 
of agriculture or hoi'ticulture. However, all kinda of 
grain, fruit and vegetables produce well. For popula- 
tion, unentered land, and location of minerals, see 
"Geological Map of Mssouri." See also chapter on 
Grape Culture in "Missouri As It Is ia.lS65^' — to lengthy 
for insertion in. this work* 

CffiNTRY COUNTY^ 

Ts ^itnatad m-ihQ northwestern part of the S^tat6, botmd- 
ed on the north by the Iowa State Lino. The face of 
the country is undulating, diversified with prairie and 
timber, and well watered By Grand river and its tribu- 
taries. Indications of rich beds of copper and an excel- 
lent quality of bituminous coal have boon found, but no 
banks or mines have been opened. The soil is very 
fertile, and well adapted to the production of all grains 
and grasses suitable to this climate. The county is 
settled by intelligent, industrious people, and immigrants 
will here fiad excellent inducemeuta for any kind of 
bueiness. 

<3IIEEKB COUNT?; 

Situated in tho south-western part of tho State, is, 
topographically speaking, higher than any of the adja- 
cent country, and the streams are all clear and rapid. 
The prairies are large, rich and beautiful, skirted by 
timber along the streams, and in small groves. Occa- 
sional " barrens" intervene which are stony and sparsely 
timbered^ Though timber is not very abundant, thei'e 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOUBI. 107 

is surucicnt for all practical purposes. The elevated 
ridges, erroneously named " Ozark mountains/' extend 
through this county. The soil is not as deep and fertile 
as in many portioas of the Stato^ yet it is considered a 
good agricultural district and is ■well adapted to the 
culture of all kinds of cereals, grasses, ' and produces 
an abundant yield of fruit. It is peculiarly adapted to 
grape culture, and the neglected " bai'rens" contain all 
the elements to insure success in vine growing, and with 
proper management would yield a greater profit than 
many of the farms that produce 25 to 30 bushels of 
wheat to the acre. Peaches grow largo, and seldom 
fail. The country is weU watered, as is shown upon tho 
map, besides large springs of clear, cold water are 
abundant, some of which furnish excellent water power 
for manufacturing. Of minerals, there are beds of iron, 
copper and lead, but no systematic mining has yet been 
done. The Southwest Branch of the Pacific railroad 
will traverse the county when completed. The variety 
of soil, mild and healthy -climate, advantageous natural 
position and certain market for all farm products, and 
remunerative wages for all kinds of labor are induce- 
ments which immigrants should not overlook, 

GMINnY COUNTY 

Is situated in tho northern part of the State, about mid- 
way between tho Mississippi and iMissouri rivers. Tho 
surface is undulating, and well watered by tributario ^ of 
Grand river. The table lands and divides are generally 
praiiie, and the streams -are skirted with timber, afford- 



108 THE HAOTi-BOOK OF MTSSOUEI. 

ing Bufficicnt for fencing and fuel if properly husbanded. 
However; groves should be planted, and then there will 
be no question about the supply. The soil is very rich 
and well adapted to all farming purposes. Turnips have 
been raised in this county by Mr. Osborn, which, after 
being closely trimmed, weighed eleven pounds three 
ounces j and James Wynn has produced corn, one ear of 
which contained 1383 grains, all well filled, and a radish 
weighing four pounds three ounces. Mr. Isaac Frorann 
raised in one season, upon a piece of ground two feet by 
fifteen, first ten bushels of onions, and afterward eight 
bushels of turnips. Farmers will find good land at low 
prices. Mechanics and machinists are Avantedto supply 
the demand in their lino. Excellent water power and 
good localities for saw and grist mills. School teachers 
— that are teachers — are wanted. Loyal, energetic men, 
from whatever clime, "will here find a hearty welcome, 
and cannot but reap a rich reward for their labor. 

HARBISON COUNTY, 

Situated in the north northwestern part of the State, is 
bounded on the north by the Iowa State line. The sur- 
face is principally prairie, but in some sections broken. 
The timber is mostly confined to the margins of water 
courses, and consists of white, black, pin, and bun* oak, 
walnut, *8Ugar tree, maple, linn, sycamore, birch, cherry, 
Cottonwood, hackberry, ash, hickory, etc., which skirt 
the streams, and stand here and there in groves. Tho 
soil is generally fertile, and pi'oduces all kinds of grain, 
fruit and vcf^etables that fcrow in this latitude. There 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MTSSODRI. 100 

are fifteen saw mills and three flotrring mills on Grand 
river and Big Creek. There is other fine water power 
unimproved. The inducements to immigration are — 
rich 3oil; good timber, healthy climate, clear, rapid 
streams, and good demand for all articles produced. 
This is an excellent county for stock growing. 

HENRY COITNTY, 

Formerly called Rives, is situated in the western part of 
the State. The face of the country is undulating — 
neither level or broken — about one-third timber and 
the remainder prairie. Early settlers hesitated about 
locating upon the larger j^rairies, owing to the lack of 
timber for fuel, but there have since been found exten- 
sive banks of coal and these objections are removed. So 
in many parts of this State, it will bo observed that 
whore a superficial examination indicates the absence of 
some important native clement of wealth, deep research 
and thorough investigation generally prove the existence 
of hidden treasures, which more than compensate for 
the seeming deficiency. The soil is very fertile, and 
well adapted to all farming purposes. The county is 
well calculated for stock growing, as timothy, blue-grass, 
clover, and native prairie grass grow finely. Iron and 
coal are both found in the county. There were 4,500 
acres of government land, unentered, in March. Land 
OIBce at Boone ville. 

HICKORY COUNTY 

Is situated near the centre of the southwest quarter of 
the State. The land is generally ferUie, undulating, iind 



110 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSODEI. 



in some places broken, with about an equal amount of 
praii'io and timber land. In this, as in most other 
counties, the forests are growing up rapidly since the 
Indians have been driven away, and the annual fires 
kept out. But little attention has been paid to the cul- 
ture of grapes, hemp, flax, or tobacco. An average crop 
of wheat is about thirty bushels to the acre ; corn, 100 ; 
oats, 30; buckwheat 12 to 15 j potatoes 50 to 60; turnips 
300. Timothy, clover, and Hungarian grass do well. 
There is excellent water power on the Niangua and 
Pomme de Terre, unimproved. Lead and iron have 
been found in various localities, but no mines opened. 
There were, in March, 95,000 acres of government land 
in this county, subject to entry at the Booneville Land 
Office. 

HOLT COtlNTY 

Is one of the six that compose the " Platte Purchase" iE\ 
the northwestern corner of the State. The first perma- 
nent settlements were made here in 1830. The generaJ 
charactei' of the surface is undulating or "rolling," -witli, 
about an equal division of prairie and timber; every por.. 
tion well watered. The Missouri bottom varies in 
width from three to ten miles, and is exceedingly fertile, 
being an alluvial formation, and the soil in some places 
is twenty-three feet deep. The prairies are also exceed- 
ingly fertile. There has been produced, several years in 
succession, of corn, 125 bushels to the acre; hemp, 1500 
pounds ; oats, 40 bushels, etc. In the season of 1S59 
there were 1900 bales of hemp shipped from Forest 
City. Hemp ia the most profitable, as well as the most 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI, lU, 

certain crop, and the farmers seem inclined to devote 
their farms to the culture of hemp and tobacco, and the 
raising of stock, all of which will be immensely profit- 
able. The inhabitants are generally intelligent, indus- 
trious, and contented. Industrious, skilful farmers, 
coopers, wagon-makers, carpenters, and merchants are 
needed. Saddlers will find here one of the best openings 
in the State. Teachers who are well qualified and wish 
to enter the field in earnest,, will here find an ample 
pcope for labor, an abundance of capital, and willing 
>»LartB and ha.nds to aid them. 

HOWARD COTINTY 

Is situated on the left branch of the Missouri Tiver, in 
the north central part of the State. The first settle- 
ment made in this section of country was in 1807-8, by 
Col. Benj. Cooper, Daniel Boone, the Hancocks and 
Barkleys. (See history of the early settlement of this 
county in " Missouri As It Is," pages 266 to 268.) The 
general surface of the country is nndulating, and some 
portions are quite broken, principally covered with a 
good growth of timber, consisting of hickory, black and 
white walnut, oaks of various kinds, black and blue ash, 
maple, cottonwood, coffee-bean, hackberry and honey 
locust. There are but four natural prairies in the county 
— Spanish, Needle and Foster's on the upland, and 
Cooper's and the Weedy pi*airie on the bottomland; 
but through the industry and enterprise of the pioneers, 
thousand of acres of nature's dense forest have been 
t^ansforiaed iato cyltiyiatetJ farms, :po\y graced by the 



112 >rHE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOTTRI,! 

commodious farm house, and yielding abundant crops 
of all kinds of agricultural products. The soil of this 
county is exceedingly fertile, and produces an abundant 
yield of all kinds of grain, grasses, fruit and vegetables 
— farmers having gathered as high as 1500 pounds of 
hemp, 2000 pounds of tobacco, 100 bushels of corn, 400 
of wheat, etc., to the acre. The average yield of tobacco 
in the vicinity of Howard county is 1000 pounds per 
acre, but as high as 2000 pounds have been raised on an 
acre in several instances. The reader can readily cal- 
culate the profits of a crop. (The very extensive tobacco 
manufactory of B. VV. Lewis & Co., Glasgow, is fully 
described, illustrated, and an essay given on tobacco 
cuUurC; ia tbQ larger work, "Missouri As Itl« ia 1$60.") 

HOWELL COTJNTy 

Is situated in the southern part of the State, bounded 
on the south by the Arkansas line. It has an area of 
C50 square miles — and is the smallest tax-paying county 
in the State except Shannon. For a general description 
of this county, the reader is referred to Oregon and 
Texas counties, in this work. The lands are broken 
and hilly, some portions being high table land, and well 
adapted to fruit and grape culture. The valleys, though 
generally narrow, are very fertile. The scenery in many 
portions of the county is truly grand and picturesque, 
the streams are clear and rapid, and the narrow, deep, 
rocky ravines and chasms, shaded by heavy forests of 
pine, render it a place of some attraction to the ad- 
mirora of wild antd romantic sceaery, King's ^ioMXkt ist 



THB HAITD-BOOK OP MISSOUEI. 



113 



a high central point, or water shed, from which streams 
run in tvorj dii-cction. Population in 1860^ 3251, 

lEON COUNTY, 

In the southeastern part of the State, is rery appro- 
priately named. It is em])hatically the Iron county of 
the Union, possessing probably a greater quantity of 
iron ores, of purer qualities, than the same area of ter- 
ritory, anywhere else on the face of the globe. Pilot 
Knob, which towers 581 feet above the bloomery at its 
base, or 1118 feet higher than the level of the Mississippi 
at St. Louis, covers an area of 360 acres, is principally 
of iron ore, which yields in working 65 percent. The 
upper 141 feet of the knob is estimated to contain 
31,299,012,554 pounds, or 13,972,772 tons of iron ore; 
then there are 440 feet of oi'e below, widening* as it 
descends — its depth below the surface is unknown. Tho 
quantity is sufficient to last for centuries, and tho 
quality for many purposes, inferior to none. Shepherd 
Mountain, is situated about If miles west of south from 
Pilot Knob. This formation is 79 feet higher that Pilot 
Knob — is of an oblong shape, lying northeast and south- 
west, nearly two miles in length, by one in width. Tho 
ores found in this Mountain are magnetic and specular 
oxide, and a mixture of tho two. Thousands of speci- 
mens of magnetic ore (commonly called by them " load- 
stone,") have been procured at Shepherd's Mountain by 
visitors, as a curiosity on account of its polarity. There 
are several other mountains and hills of iron. Lead ore, 
gold-bearing sand; immense beds of fine marble, kaolin, 



114 5:iiE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

for the mannfacture of iron-stone cliina ware^ etc., are 
found in this county. The principal portion of the 
county is mountainous- and broken, and a. great propor- 
tion of the land unfit for general farming purposes, but 
generally heavily timbered with oaks, hickories, elm, 
ash, black walnut, hackberry, locust, red cedar and 
yellow pine. The valleys are fertile, and many of the 
hill sides peculiarly adapted to fruit culture. Some of 
the farmers and fruit growers in southeast Missouri have 
farms that now produce well, although they have been 
bearing crops for more than 25 years past. An extend- 
ed, illustrative notice of this county, its history and 
capabilities will be found in " Missouri As It Is" — pages 
274 to 279. Unsurpassed inducements for capitalists 
and mechanics. Population in 18S0, 5,433. Principal 
to wns;. Irouton, Pilot Knob, Arcadia and Middlebrook* 

JASPER COUNTY, 

Situated in the southwest corner of the State, is bounded 
on the west by Kansas State line, and separated from 
Arkansas by Newton and McDonald counties. The sur- 
face of the country is gently undulating, with about two- 
thirds prairie, and the remainder timber land. The 
prairies are very fertile, interspersed with streams of 
pure running water, the courses of which are skirted 
with timber. The southern part of the county is under- 
laid with mountain limestone, containing numerous and 
extensive deposits of lead and zinc. As an agricultural 
region, this stands high — all kinds of grain, grasses, 
fruit and vegetable yield good crops. The heavy yield 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. H5 

of grasses, abundanco of clear, cold spring branches, 
and the mild climate, renders this well adapted for stock 
growing. Manufacturers and capitalists will find on 
Spring Eiver alone, at least fifty sites, furnishing good 
water power, unimproved. Good openings for all kinds 
of mechanics. There is an oil spring in township 84, 
range 28. Population in 1860, 6,607. Towns, CarthagC; 
Sarcaxie, Fidelity, Sherwood, &c. 

JACKSON COUNTY 

Is situated in the northwestern portion of the State, 
bounded on the north by the Missoui-i rivei', and on the 
west by the Kans^as State line. The county has an un- 
dulating surface, with a desirable division of prairie and 
timbox', underlaid with limestone, well adapted for build- 
ing purposes, and is well watered. The soil is very 
fertile, producing the heaviest yields of all kinds of 
agricultural products. The agricultural, manufacturing 
and commercial resources of Jackson county are second 
to but one or two in the State, and in "some respects it 
has no equal. The Union Pacific railroad is completed 
and in operation from Kansas City, west, to Lawrence, 
and ii being pushed forward with all possible dispatch. 
The Pacific railroad of Missouri will be completed to 
Kansas City, ]n'obably, early in June, thus making a 
continuous line from Kansas City to St. Louis and the 
East. Capitalists, manufacturers, farmers, mechanics, 
or any class of business men will here find ample scope 
for the profitable employment of their capital, labor and 
skill. The principal towns in the county are Indepen- 



116 THE HAND-BOOK OP MrSSOUM^ 

' dence,' til© connty Beat, Kansas City, tliQ tcaviest'Com* 
mercial point west of St. Louis, "Westport, Sibley, Lon& 
Jack; J^ew Santa Fe, etc. Population in 1860, 19,166*> 

JEFFERSON COUNTY 

Is sitdated in the east central part of the State, "bounded 
on the east by the Mississippi river. In the northern 
and eastern portions of the county the land is generally 
undulating and fertile; and in the •western and southern 
hilly and sterile. A great proportion of the county is 
heavi'y timbered, and the land more valuable for min- 
eral than agricultural purposes. The best farming lands 
are found along the Maramec and Big rivers, the Platin, 
Sandy and Joaquim creeks. Big Kiver is the largest 
stream that traverses the county, wliich in ordinary 
seasons would be considered a creek, but it rises rapidly, 
retains its maximum but a few hours, and runs out 
rapidly. The scenery along some of the streams is 
beautiful, and the limestone bluffs above Sclma and 
Bush Tower have an elevation of from 250 to 300 feet, 
which at a distance, resemble artificial towers. There 
are no " gravely ridges" but will produce esccUcnt fruit. 
One farmer has 9,000 peach trees in one orchard, and 
we seldom see better peaches anywhere. This county 
appears to contain an inexhaustible amount of lead ore, 
also immense beds of iron, copper, white sand, etc., etc. 
Principal towns, Ilillsboro', DeSoto, Selma aoid Victoria. 
Population in 18G0, 8,801. 

JOHNSON COUNTY 

Is situated in the western part of tho State, separated 



THE HANP-BOOK OP 3IISS0UEI, 117 

from tlio Kansas Stato line by Cass county. A great 
proportion of the county is fertile prairie land, level 
or slightly undulating, inters^jersed here and there with 
forest trees and small groves of thrifty young timber. 
The county is well watered by streams, many of which 
originate in never-failing springs. The numerous salino 
springs are highly prized by stock growers. Plumbago, 
or black oxyde of manganese is found in Township 44, 
Eango 24 West, section 6, which is susceptible of a fino 
polish, makes a clear black mark, and is used for pencils. 
Excellent limestone, and a five-feet thick vein of coal 
also exists here. A great proportion of the county is 
well adapted to agriculture, in all its branches. Stock- 
growing will pay well. The Pacific railroad traverses 
the county, famishing a speedy transit for all farm pro- 
ducts to market — passing through the centre of tho 
county. The principal towns are Warrensburg, Knob 
Nostor, Kiugsville, Columbus, Fayette ville, Rose Hill, 
Cornelia, Holden, etc. Population in 1860, 13,080, 

KNOX COUNTY, 

In tho northeastern part of the State, is separated from 
the j\Iissisaippi river by Lewis county, and from tho 
Iowa line by Scotland county. The face of the country 
is undulating, with a desii-able division of prairie and 
timber land. The soil is well adapted to all farming 
purposes, and there is no better location for stock-rais- 
ing. Cattle and sheep do very well. Land is good and 
cheap. Some farms are offered for less than tho im- 
provomentB cost, because tho " atmosphere is too loyal '* 



118 (THE. HAHB-BQQK QI MISSQUEIJ 



for the owners, and the rebels are compelled to ^'secede." 
All classes of farmers; mechanics and business men will 
find good inducements to locate here. Population in 
1860, 1,553, Principal towns, Edina^. Iifewarkj. Jeddo 
and Colonjr,: 

LACLEDE COUNTT 

Is situated in the south central part of the State, was 
formed in 1849, from a portion of Pulaski, and named in 
honor of Pierre Laclede Liguest, the founder of St. 
Louis. The county is situated upon the high table lands 
of the Ozark range, and presents a variety of surface, 
from the level or moderately undulating prairie, to 
rugged hills and miniature mountains. In the vicinity 
of Big Niangua, Gasconade, and Osage Fork, the hills 
range from 155 to 500 feet in height, separated from 
each other by deep and narrow valleys. The soil of the 
upland is various; the light and gravelly portions are well 
adapted to fruit culture, and particularly favorable for 
grapes ; while in the post-oak flats, the subsoil of clay 
comes nearer the surface. For many purposes this soil 
is superior to the alluvial, and has produced as high as 
55 bushels of wheat to the acre, from 800 to 1200 pounds 
of tobacco, and most excellent timothy and grasses. 
There are in the county probably 100,000 acres of rich 
alluvial bottom land, much of which is under a good 
state of cultivation. Both iron and lead are found in 
the county. There are 190,000 acres of Government 
land subject to entry. Population in 18G0, 4,861. 

LAFAYETTE COUNTY 

Is situated on the right bank of thQ ilissoari rivorv and 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSODKI. 119 

separated from the Kansas line by Jackson county. Tho 
general character of the land is level or gently undula- 
ting — in some portions somewhat broken or rough. By 
passing over the country between Marshal and Lexing- 
ton, the traveler sees some as fine country as there is in 
Missouri. The soil throughout the county is generally 
very productive, and well adapted to all the purposes of 
the farmer or atock-grower. We have statistics from 
farmers who have produced to the acre, tobacco, 800 
pounds; corn, 100 bushels; wheat, 25 bushels ; timothy, 
2 tons; Hungarian grass, P> tons, and fruit and vegeta- 
bles in proportion. As high as 2200 pounds of hemp 
have been produced per acre. On the 18th of February 
45 bales of choice hemp wore sold in St. Louis, for tho 
handsome price of §190 per ton. The hemp was grown 
by Mr. Fristow of this county. Farmers will see at a 
glance that this county is very well adapted to all tho 
purposes of agriculture. The class of people most needed 
are qualified school teachers, practical farmers and 
mechanics, who have capital to improve land or estab- 
lish manufactories; also carpenters, plasterers and 
masons. They will find here good schools and churches, 
good society, fertile farming land, healthy climate, 
wood and stone coal abundant, sjnungs and rapid 
streams of water, etc. Principal towns, Lexington, 
Waverly, Middletown, Wellington,. Dover, Chapel Ilill, 
etc. Population in 1860, 13,763. 

LAWRENCE COUNTY 

Is situated in the southwestern part of'tho State, separ- 
ated from the Kansas line by Jasper and Newton, and 



120 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOUIUL 

from Arkansas by Barry county. The face of the conn- 
try is undulating, and in some sections broken, with 
prairie and timber well diversified. It is well watered 
by streams which have their sources at large springs, 
and arc peculiarly clear and flow over gravel and rocky 
beds. The valleys are fertile, well timbered, and sus- 
ceptible of the highest degree of cultivation, while the 
high prairies, with their broad acres of grass, are un- 
surpassed for grazing. The mildness of the climate, and 
bountiful supply of living water, render this a desirable 
portion of the State for stock growing and fruit culture 
— especially the grape. The natural advantages of the 
county are great, but like many other counties in the 
State, there is here a deplorable lack of energy manifest 
among the leading men; consequently the various in- 
dustrial pursuits are not represented in a manner 
corresponding with the advantageous location and 
natural resources. Lead and iron ore abound in the 
county. There is also good water power for manufac- 
tories. Population in 18C0, 9,062. 

LEWIS COUNTT 

It situated on the Mississippi river, in the northeastern 
portion of the State. The surface is undulating and 
diversified, about one-half of the county being well 
timbered with forests or groves, distributed along the 
water courses, and separated by beautiful upland 
meadows or prairies, the soil of which is deep, fertile, 
and easy cultivated. The largest yield per aero that wo 
have note of , are— wheat, 25 bushels; corn, 80; rye, 12; 



1112 HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. ,121 

bfirloy, 20; oa,ts, 50; buckwheat, 40; potatoes, 150; 
onions, 200 ; bcot3, 200 ; turnips, 500 ; timothy, 3 tons ; 
clover, 2 tons; Ilungai'ian grass, 5 tons, and tobacco 
1200 pounds. Coal has been discovered near Monti- 
cello, and in somoothor portions of the county. Limo- 
stono abounds in various localities. Principal towns, 
Monticello, Canton and LaGraage. Populatioa in 1860, 
10,419. 

tINCOLN COUNTY 

Is situated in the eastern part of the State, and possesses 
both pi-airie and timber — level bottom land, and undul- 
ating and broken upland. It is drained by Caivre (or 
Copper) river, and its lengthy branches, and by several 
small creeks which empty into the Mississippi. A wide 
bottom extends along the river, which is exceedingly 
ferlilo, and in seasons of very high water, portions of it 
are subject to overflow. Hard wood timber and good 
building stone are abundant throughout the county. 
The soil is generally admirably adapted to all agricul- 
tural purposes. This county was formed from a part of 
St. Charles county, in 1818, and a portion of it was at 
an cai'ly day covered with Spanish grants, which re- 
tarded its settlement. In 1S23 the Cuivre was con- 
Bidorod nav'igable several miles above its mouth. Farm- 
ers, stock-growers, and all glasses of loyal business men 
will here find openings for business. Population in 
1830, 11,8G2. Principp.l towns, Troy, JJouisville, Now 
Hope, Cape au Gris and Auburn. 

LINN COUNTY 

Is situated in the northwestern portion of the State, and 



122 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

Las an area of 650 square miles. The principal portion 
of the land is rolling prairie, interspersed with wood- 
land. It is watered by upwards of twelve streams, 
traversing the county from north to south, and empty- 
ing into Grand river. The larger streams are Locust 
creek, "West Fork of Locust creek. Elk, Turkey, Yellow, 
and Little Yellow creeks, some of which afford excellent 
water power. The soil of the county is generally very 
fertile — principally prairie, -with a good supply of wood- 
land well distribated. All kinds of gruin, grasses, and 
fruit of this latitude produce well here. The timber 
most abundant hero is walnut, elm, hackberry, oaks, 
ash, cherry, hickory. mulbeiTy, sycamore, linn, maple, 
birch and Cottonwood. There is an abundance of good 
building stone, and inexhaustible beds of coal through- 
out the county. Principal towns, Liuneus, Laclede, 
Wyandotte, Brookflcld, Franklin, St. Catharine, Thayer, 
North Salem and Enterprise, Population in 18G0, 8,555. 
Unentered land in March, 1865, 1,480 acres, 

LIVINGSTON COUNTY 

Is situated in the northwestern part of the State, and 
contains an area of 530 square miles. The surflice of 
the county is generally level or slightly rolling, and the 
soil admirably adapted to the production of all kinds of 
grain, grasses, fruit and vegetables that flourish in this 
latitude. (See description of " The Grand River coun- 
ty"— of which this forms a part — in Missouri As It Is, 
pages 103 to 108.) Stock-growers will find here an ex- 
cellent location for tho j)rolitablo prosecution of that 



TUB HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 123 

cntcrprisG. Lead has been found in several localities, 
and banks are already opened near Utica, and at other 
points in the county, which will in gome measure com- 
pensate for the scarcity of timber. Principal towns, 
Chillicothe, Utica, Bedford and Dawn, Population in 
18t)0, G,833. 

MACOTSr COUNTY 

Is situated in the northern part of the State, about equi- 
distant from the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, and 
the Iowa State line, and has an area of 830 square miles. 
The surface of the county is undulating — in many places 
what is termed ^'broken," There are numerous singu- 
larly formed knobs, some of which ai'o so regular in 
contour that they resemble more the work of art than 
those of nature. The summit of the knobs seems to 
have been a common level, in some instances 200 feet 
above the general surface. A tendency to this con- 
formation is first observed in township GO, in the north- 
ern part of the county, and extends down into 56, but 
thc}^ are seen in all their prominent characteristics in 
Townships 58 and 59, north of the II. k St. Joe R. II. 
(For a full description of these knobs, and of this county, 
in detail, see " Missouri As It Is," pages 305 to 308.) 
This county, or a great portion of it, is underlaid by a 
stratum of bituminous coal, which is exposed in the 
banks of eight different streams along the line of the H. 
& St. Joe R. R., going west from Bloommgton. This 
bed varies from one to nine feet in thickness, the max- 
imum occurring near Bloomington. Lead ore has been 
found in the vicinity of Grand river, and crude cop- 



124 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

poras on the tributaries of Muscle Fork. Land generally 
very fertile. Pi'incipal towns, Bloomington, Macon 
City, Hudson, Carbon, New Boston, LaPlata, Hunne- 
wcU, etc. Population in 1860, G,833. 

MADISON COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeast part of the State, and is one 
of the most intense!)/ mineral counties in the State. The 
first seltlcmerit made in this section of country was at 
Mine LaMotte, in 1722 or 1723, which mines were dis- 
covered by a Frenchman, whoso name they bear. (For 
the early history of these mines see pages 308 to 313 
" Missouri As It Is.") The g-cncral surface of the county 
is uneven and hilly, and in some portions what may bo 
termed " mountainous." The higher hills are geniirall}^ 
composed of immense masses of porphyritic stone. A 
great proportion of the county is unfit for cultivation, 
but some of the valleys produce well, and near Fredcr- 
icktown there is a considerable body of fertile laud. 
There is probably not in the world, besides this, a sec- 
tion of country of the same area, possessing a greater 
variety of minerals, and in greater quantities than aro 
found in Madison count}^ Gold, silver, lead, copper, 
iron, platina, nickel, cobalt and manganese are found in 
quantities that pay a good profit for working them. See 
mineralogical chapter in this book — also for particular 
location, of minerals see Geological Map of JMissouri, just 
issued. Population in 18G0, 5,338. 

MARIES COUNTY 

Is situated in the central part of the State — was formed 



TUB IL\ND-BOOK OF MISSOUlU. 125 

in 1855 from the north part of Pulaski and the southern 
portion of Osage counties. The general sui'face of the 
country U broken timber land; however very good soil 
is found in the valleys of Spring creek; along the 
Maries, on the Dry Fork of the Bourbeuse, in Lane's 
prairie, and the adjacent timber lands. Stock-growing 
and fruit and grape culture could be profitably prose- 
cuted in this country. There are deposits of lead, iron 
and copper ores, in various localities in this county, but 
little attention has been paid to mining. The " Central 
Missourian," published at Vienna, sa3''s: "The lead 
mines opened by "Wiley Williams, in the northwest part 
of the county, boar favorable indications of being one 
of the richest deposits of lead in the States." Copper 
mines which were abandoned several years ago have 
since been re-opened and yield largely. Iron ore is also 
found in the county. (For particular location of minerals 
seen "Parker's Geological Map of Missouri.") There 
were in February, 1865, 27,000 acres of unentered land 
m this county. Population in 1860, 27,000. 

MARION COUNTY 

Is situated in the east north-east portion of the State. 
There are very few, if any, counties in Missouri possess- 
ing a more desirable division of prairie and timber) 
better soil and building material, or that is better su])- 
plicd with water. Probably two-thirds of the surface is 
undulating prairie ; the woodland is in thin groves along 
the margins of streams, extending here and thei'c out 
into the prairies, and embraces hickories, oaks, black 



126 THE HAND-BOOK OF mSSOUIlt; 

walnut; sngai* tree, ash, sassafras, (some sassafras treeg 
are two feet in diameter, and used for rails,) haws, elms, 
honey, locust, etc. Lead, zinc and iron ores have been 
found in small quantities, but not sufficient to pay for 
Working, thus far. Bituminous coal is abundant, under- 
lying the greater portion of the county. Excellent build- 
ing stones, clays, etc., abundant. The prairie soil is 
generally underlaid by a thick layer of silicious marl, 
which contains all the elements necessary to render it 
exceedingly fertile, and adapted to most purposes of 
farming, either in Avet or dry seasons. There is a cave 
in this county which has been explored a distance of ten 
miles. Population in 18G0, 4,875. Principal towns, 
Hannibal, Palmyra, Marion City and Philadelphia. 

m'donald county 

Is situated in the extreme southwestern corner of the 
State, bounded on the south by the Arkansas State line, 
and on the west by the Indian Territory. The surface 
of the country is broken, and much of the upland sterile 
and unproductive for some crops, but well adapted for 
fruit culture. The valleys are fertile and adapted to 
stock growing purposes. The county is well watered by 
clear, rapid streams, some of which afford excellent 
water power for mills or manufactories, which Avould 
prove of great advantage to the community, and profit- 
able to the proprietors. The timber consists of oak - 
walnut, pine, cedar, wild cherry, etc. Probably four- 
fifths of the county is timber land. Farmers and stock 
growers, with capital, and manufacturers to improve the 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI.. 127 

excellent water power are much needed. A good por- 
tion of the year Elk river is navigable, by which pro- 
duce is flat-boated down into the Arkansas to Fort 
Gibson and Van Buren, Ark. After disposing of the pro- 
duce, the boats are readily sold at good prices. There 
is considerable lead ore in the northern part of the 
county. Acres of unentered land in February, 1865, 
255,000. Population in 1860, 3,976. 

MERCER COUNTY 

I?i situated on the Iowa State line, about midway be- 
tween the two great rivers that wash either shore of the 
nothern part of the State. The surface is_ level and un- 
dulating, with about an equal division of prairie and 
timber. The soil is generally fertile and yields as fol- 
lows : Of hemp, 1000 lbs. per acre ; tobacco, 1000 ; corn, 
100 bushels ; wheat, 33 bushels ; rye, 40 ; oats, 50 ; buck- 
wheat, 40 J while the yield of vegetables will compare 
favorably with almost any section. Of Hungarian grass, 
as high as seven tons, and of timothy, five tons, are said 
to have been cut per acre. These farm statistics, though 
furnished by farmers, I believe to be above the average 
yield. The county has an abundance of excellent tim- 
ber and building stone ; strong, fertile soils, is veiy well 
watered, has a healthy climate and good demand for all 
kinds of produce. Coal, iron and copper have been 
found in the county in small quantities, but no mines 
opened. Population in 18G0, 9,286. 

MILLER COUNTY 

Is situated in the south, central part of the State, and 



128 THE lUND-BOOK OP MISSOURI.. 

contains an area of about 570 square miics. The surface 
of tho country is generally broken timber land, and with 
the exception of the^valleyS; the soil is thin and sterile. 
The county is intersected by the Osage river, which is 
navigable for small boats from four to six months in the 
year. Some good mill sites are found on Tavern and 
Auglaize creeks, and there is an abundance of excellent 
sugar maple, walnut and oak for lumber. The soil and 
climate are well adapted to fruit culture, and also to 
Btock growing. Tho yield of tobacco (a very profitable 
ci'op), is above the average. The common varieties of 
fruit are abundant. The county is well adapted to stock 
raising. Grazing lands occupy a fair proportion of the 
-county. Timothy yields two and a half tons j Hungarian 
grass, three tons; oats, 35 bushels; corn, 65 bushels, and 
wheat, 25 bushels to the acre. Both lead and iron exist 
in the county^ Population in 1860, 6,316. 

MISSISSIPPI COUNTr 

Is situated in the southeastern part of tho State, and is 
well named, as the Mississippi river washes a good por- 
tion of the northern, eastern and southern borders of 
the county. The eoil is rich, alluvial river bottoms — 
every way as productive as the delta of ancient Egypt. 
Owing to the peninsular shape of the county, and the 
fact that the James Bayou runs through its centre al- 
most the entire length, having as much fall in 21 miles 
as the river has in 75, the land is susceptible of being 
drained at trifling expense. To protect the country 
from overflow, tho county built some 30 miles of iGvee. 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 129 

at an expense of nearly $100,000. The staple crop ia 
corn, of which from 60 to 100 bushels per acre are raised. 
Wheat thrives on the prairies. Vegetables grow to an 
immense size. Peaches yield finely. The pecon yields 
abundanl3^ The Cairo and Fulton railroad has been 
completed, and running to Charleston, for two years, or 
more. For a minute description of this county see 
"Missouri As It Is," pages 321 to 325. Population in 
1860, 3,762. 

MONITEAU COUNTY 

Is probably the most centrally located county in the 
State. It presents every variety of surface, from the 
low alluvial bottoms of the Missouri to the high prairie 
lands of the south and west, which rise from an altitude 
ranging from 350 to 500 feet above the Missouri river. 
The sui'face is broken or hilly, with about an equal 
division of prairie and timber. The richest and deepest 
soil is found in the alluvial bottoms, in the northeast 
portion of the county, and in the valleys of the Moniteau, 
Moroau, and iheir ti'ibutaries. There is an abundance 
of timber. There are a great many " sink holes" in the 
northern and western portions of the count}', generally 
near the bluffs along the streams, which terminate in 
fissures or caverns in the rocks beneatiu Eich beds of 
both bituminous and cannel coal are found in the county, 
and mines are already worked to advantage in severaj 
parts of the county. Lead ore has been discovered at 
vai'ious localities in all those portions of the county 
where magnesian limestone forms the surface rock. 
These locations are shown upon the Geological map. 



130 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 

Openings have been made in Township 45, Range 14, 
and Township 4G, Range 15, Popuh.tioa in 1860, 
10,202. 

MONROE COUNTY 

Is situated about the centre of the nortlieast part of the 
State. About two-thirds of the county is timber — the 
prairies small and fertile. The general character of the 
county is undulating, and the timber consists of oaks, 
hickories, ash, elm, hackberry, walnut, buckeye, sugar, 
maple, linn and birch. The country is well watei'ed, 
and numerous pprings are found in various parts of the 
county. WilLams' spring, at Paris, is one of consider- 
able note. The soil is generally fertile and well adapted 
to all purposes of the farmer or stock grower. The 
higher rolling lands are well adapted to the growth of 
fine tobacco, which has been one of the principal staples 
of the county. This has been a good stock growing 
region from its first settlement. A large portion of the 
county is underlaid with workable beds of coal, and 
banks are opened in a few localities. Building materials 
of all kinds abundant. Farmers, mechanics, steam mills, 
brick and stone masons are wanted. Good water-power 
unimproved. Population in 1860, 11,865. 

MONTGOMERY COUNTY 

Is situated in the eastern part of the State, on the Tiorth 
shore of the Missouri river. This county was created 
fi-om St. Charles, in 181 8, and some of the most daring 
battles fought between the pioneers and the savages 
occurred upon territory now embraced within its limits. 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 131 

The northern portion of the county is level prairie — the 
southern broken timber land. Cannel coal has been 
lound in considerable quantities near Danville, and bitu- 
minous coal near Wellsville, is very abundant. The 
whole county is underlaid with coal. There are fino 
springs, good building stone, clay for bricks, etc. The 
soil is generally fertile, and adapted to all the purposes 
of agriculture. Stock growing could bo profitably con- 
ducted. Having the ]Missouri river on the south, for 
shipment, and being traversed by the North Missouri 
raih'oad, the county possesses superior commercial 
facilities. Population in 1860, 7,363. 

MORGAN COUNTY 

Is situated in the central part of the State. The surface 
of the county is undulating, with about an equal division 
of prairie and timber. The [)rairies and valleys along 
the streams are very fertile, and produce large crops of 
all the fruits, grains, grasses and vegetables that grow 
in this latitude. Lead ore, bituminous and cannel coal, 
limestone and fi-eestone are found in various parts of the 
county. The principal natural advantages of Morgan 
county are a healthy climate, fertile soil, good schools, 
an intelligent community, cheap lands, and a good 
market for produce ; and for building purposes good 
material of all kinds. It is said there is a cava in this 
county, near the Gravois, which opens at the base of a 
hill, and extends through it a distance of 200 yards — 
through which a person can easily ride on horseback, 
but wo have never seen it. Principal towns, Versailles, 



132 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

Syracuse, Tuckerville, Mining Point, etc. Tlie county is 
traversed by the Pacific railroad. Population in 1860^ 
7,624. 

NEW MADRID COUNTY 

Is situated near the southeastern extremity of the State, 
bounded on the east by the Mississippi river, which 
separates it from Tennessee and Kentucky. This and 
adjoining counties embrace most of what is termed in 
the Government surveys as "the Swamp Eegion." The 
general surface of the country is a level plain, watered 
by lakes and sluggish streams, and some portions are 
heavily timbered with oaks, ash, hickory, wah.ut, hack- 
berry, boxwood, coffee-bean, black locust, black and 
Bweet gum and cypress. The soil is exceedingly fertile, 
and produces enormous jdelds of corn, wheat, oats, hemp, 
cotton and all root crops. Corn and stock, however, 
have been the staple products. It is estimated there is 
more corn raised here, at a better profit, than in any 
other county in the State. For a more lengthy descrip- 
tion of this county, also a history of the earthquakes of 
1811-12, see " Missouri As It Is, in 1865." Population 
in 1860, 3,886. 

NEWTON COUNTY 

Is situated in the southwestern comer of the State, 
bordered on the west by the Kansas State fine. Tho 
face of tho country is generally undulating, with prairio 
and timber about equally divided. This county embraces 
some of the finest agricultural lands in Southern Mis- 
souri, both valley and upland. Tho valleys of nearly all 
tho streams aro rich and well timbered with oak, hick- 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 133 

ory, walnut, elm hackberry, mulberry, and a great 
abundance of native grape vines, Indian, Hickory 
Shoal, Copp's creek and Lost creek affords water power 
which is seldom excelled. This county is the heart or 
centre of what the State G-eologist has pronounced "one 
of the best lead regions in the world." (For full partic- 
ulars as to location of minerals, see Geological map of 
Missouri, just published.) Granby and Neosho are the 
principal mining and smelting points. Sulphuret of 
zinc has also been found in a number of mines. Lead 
forms the principal staple of Newton county, yet the 
agricultural pursuits will prove very remunerative. Soil 
well adapted to fruit culture. Stock growing will pay 
well. Hopes are entertained of the early completion of 
the Southwest Branch of the Pacific railroad. For more 
detailed statements see " Missouri As It Is/' pages 337 
to 341. 

NODAWAY COUNTY 

Is situated in what is known as " The Platte Country," 
in the northwestern part of the State. It embraces 
both prairie and timber j the soil is fertile, undulating, 
and some portions broken. As to fertility, the soil is 
hardly surpassed in the State. The county is well watered 
by the Platte, Hundred-and-Two, and Nodaway, each 
affording excellent water power for manufactories and 
mills. Farmers, stock growers, manufacturers and 
mechanics will here find attractive inducements for in- 
vestment and business. Population in 1860, 6,136.^ 

OREGON COUNTY 

Is situated on the southern line of the State. A great 



134 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI, 

portion of the land is too rough and sterile for profitable 
cultivation — probably not over one-fifth being what can 
be considered farming land. It is all naturally timber 
land — principally oaks, hickory, ash and walnut ; but the 
north part of the county embraces some fine large pine 
timber, which, to render available, must be sawed by 
steam mills — there being no water power convenient. 
Both lead and copper in the county. Population ia 
1860, 3,428. 

OSAGE COUNTY, 

Situated near the centre of the State, is bonnded on the 
north by the Missom-i river, on the west by the Osage, 
and four townships in its southeast corner are traversed 
by the Gasconade. The first settlements made here 
by persons from the Eastern States and by Germans. 
The general character of the country is uneven, and 
some portions broken and sterile. The vallej's, and 
much of the table-land is fertile, and what are known as 
the " breaks of the Osage," have been discovered to bo 
rich in lead ore, and it is believed iron ore will be found 
abundant in some parts of the county. Pieces of iron 
ore have been picked up on the surface of several hills, 
and surface load ore, yielding 80 per cent, of pure lead 
has been found in a number of places near the Gascon- 
ade river. Excellent limestone abundant. The county 
is well timbered with oak, hickory, black walnut, etc., 
and saw mills would do well on the Gasconade, Osage or 
Maries; the lumber or furniture could easily bo trans- 
ported down these streams to the Pacific railroad or the 
Missouri river. Several Germans are turning their at- 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 135 

tcntion to grape cixlture, and are confident that the 
cheap " flint hills " will produce more, with less labor, 
than more fertile soil cultivated for other purposes. 
Osage is not a first-rate agricultural county, yet the 
average yield per acre of the farms under cultivation is 
reported to us to be as follows : Corn, 75 bushels; wheat, 
30; rye, 40; barley, 50; oats, 50; buckwheat, 50; tobacco, 
1500 lbs. The root crops and frait product is probably 
a little less than an average with counties in the same 
latitude. Wanted in this county — a wideawake news- 
paper, a few go-ahead farmers, manufacturers, tanners, 
coopers, tobacco and plow manufacturers, saw mills, 
furniture factories, mechanics and capitalists. But nearly 
every county in the State present good openings for all 
these classea. 

OZARK.-COUNTY 

Is situated in the southern portion of the State, bordei'- 
ing on the Arkansas State line. As will be seen by re- 
ference to the map, it is well watered, and Little North 
Fork alfords excellent water power. The general sur- 
face of the country is hilly or mountainous, and covered 
with forests of timber, consisting of oak, hickory and 
yellow pine, the latter attaining a great size. But little 
attention has been given to farming, but some farmers 
claim to have produced, per acre, as high as 90 bushels 
of corn, 30 bushels of wheat, and 30 bushels of oats. 
There arc four water-power saw mills, and eight water- 
power flouring mills in the county. Much of the lumber 
used for building in several adjoining counties west and 
northwest, was made in Oregon and Douglas counties, 



136 THE HAND-BOOK OF JflSSOURI. 

and probably as good yellow pine as there ig in the State, 
is found here. Population in I860, 4;921. 

PEMISCOT COUNTY 

Is situated in tho extreme southeastern corner of tho 
State, bordering on the Mississippi river. This county 
is in the district that suffered so much from the earth- 
quakes of 1811-12, and the numerous lakes spread over 
the county are left as " land marks " of that unusual 
occurrence. The greater portion of the county is sub- 
ject to overflow from the Mississippi, but the citizens are 
building a levee which will protect them from this, and 
reclaim many thousand acres from inundation. Tho 
soil is very fertile bottom land, of an alluvial formation, 
heavily timbered with oaks, ash, elm, hickory, cotton- 
wood, sycamore and cypress. Tho climate is probably 
as healthy as any section similarly situated. Iron ore 
is tho only mineral found in this county. Bog ore is 
abundant in Little River township, in the western part 
of the county. All kinds of grain yield immense crops — 
wheat, oats, corn, rye, millet, etc., produce well. The 
grasses, water and climate are all favorable for stock- 
growing, for which no county offers greater induce- 
ments. Farm products of all kinds can bo shipped to 
southern cities at trifling cost. This section was first 
settled as early as 1700, by Spanish colonies, and in 1802, 
by citizens from various parts of the United States. It 
v,as almost depopulated by the earthquakes of 1811-12, 
the citizens moving to other sections. A number of 
lakes were here formed at that time, by tho settling of 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 137 

the earths' surface — the largest, Lake Pemiscot, eight 
by fifteen miles in -size. 

PERRY COTTNTY, 

Situated in the east-southeastern part of the State, be- 
sides being watered on the northeast by the Mississippi 
river for thirty miles, is walered also by Apple, Saline, 
Cape Cinquo Homme and Bois Brule creeks. The sur- 
face is generally broken, well timbered, and the soil 
well adapted to most agricultural products. Both iron 
and lead ore have been found in the county, but no ex- 
tensive mining done. An excellent quality of white 
marble is found also, which, when quarried, is soft, and 
variegated with blue ; after having been polished the 
blue assumes a green tinge, and the marble hardens upon 
exposure. The Bois Brule (burnt wood) bottom extend- 
ing along the Mississippi river — 25 miles long by a 
width of three miles — is one of the most fertile alluvians 
found anywhere. The immense yields of agricultural 
products from these bottoms are truly surprising. The 
soil of the county is admirally adapted to the cultiva- 
tion of light tobacco, which is now one of the most pro- 
fitable of all crops. Population in 1860, 10,017. 

PETTIS COUNTY 

Is situated in the west central part of the State. The 
principal timber of the county consists of groves situated 
along the streams, stretching some distance up their 
smaller branches, forming a fair proportion of timber 
land for the cultivation of the prairie of the county. 
The surface of the county is principally prairie, and 



lo8 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

generally very fertile. Large and lasting springs of 
clear cold water flow from the earth in various locations, 
and salt springs exist from which neighborhoods have 
manufixctured their own salt. Coal, lead and iron ex- 
ist in paying quantities. The county is traversed by the 
Pacific railroad. Of farm products we have the follow- 
ing statistics of the yield: Grapes, 100 bushels per acre; 
hemp, 1200 lbs.; tobacco, 800 lbs.; flax, 200 lbs.; corn, 100 
bushels; wheat, 50 bushels; rye, 20 bushels; barley, 40 ; 
oats, 50; buckwheat, 20; potatoes, 150; timothy, IJ tons; 
clover, 2 tons; Hungarian grass, 3 tons. Chinese sugar 
cane, fruit of all kinds and vegetables yield well. Several 
unimproved sites for water power. Good openings for 
farmers, mechanics, manufacturers, etc. Population in 
1860, 9,503. 

PHELPS COUNTY, 

Situated in the southeastern part of tho State, was form- 
ed from Crawford county, and organized in 1857. The 
first, and as yet most important settlement made in the 
county is at the Maramec Iron Works. These pioneer 
works of Missouri are located in section 1, township 37, 
range 6 west, and are driven by a large spring, which is 
the chief source of the Maramec river, and discharges in 
the dryest seasons 10,000 gall dus of water per minute, 
and with a fall of 12 feet, turns seven large water wheels, 
which drive a furnace-blast, forge-blast, ancony forge, 
chafl'cry forge, bloom forge, grist mill and saw mill. 
(For a full description of those works, see " Missouri As 
It Is," pages 852 and 353.) Specular and hematite iron 
ore are found in immense quantities, and sulphuret of 



THE HAND-BOOK 0& MSSOtRI". 139 

lead ore in several localities, shown upon the Goological 
map, just issued. The surface of the country is rolling, 
the western portion being most broken, particularly in 
the vicinity of the streams where (after ascending from 
the valleys) the soil is thin and the surface broken into 
rough ridges," which are succeeded further trom the 
streams by more moderately undulating slopes and better 
soil. Some of the finest farming lands in the county 
are in the woodlands and prairio, upon the divide be- 
tween the Maramec and Borbeuse. Farmers will find 
Bub-soiliug the uplands profitable. The vallej's arc 
generally heavily timbered with white and bur oak, 
hickory, white and black walnut, maples, dogwood and 
thorn. A variety of graj)es are found upon the ridges, 
and will produce well if cultivated, and much of the soil 
is admirably adapted to fruit and grape culture. Good 
water power, pi-incipally '•unimproved, may be found 
upon Bear creek. Little Pinoy, Dry Fork, Maramec and 
Borbeuse. We have never visited the localitj", but arc 
informed that the Dry Fork, South Fork and North 
Fork of the Piney all sink into the earth and are lost 
sight of for ten to twelve miles, and again reappear near 
where the Pacific railroad crosses Big Piney — in a 
spring 40 feet in diameter and 20 feet deep, the water 
very clear and cold. The stream formed by this spring 
flows into the Big Piney about 100 feet from the spring, 
affording in that distance water power, directly on the 
railroad, having a fliU of eight feet. Capitalists could 
profitably erect saw and planing mills at this point, as 
there are immense forests of the best _of ^yellow pine a 



1 10 THE HAND-BOOK OF MIGSOUBI. 

few railos up th3 Big Pincy, and lumber after being 
planed would not depreciate by retaining ^rit, when 
rafted down the rivers to market. Rolla, the county- 
Beat, has become an important military post, and is the 
present terminus of the Southwest Branch of the Pacific 
railroad. 

PIKE COUNTY, 

Situated on the Mississippi river^ is among the oldest 
counties in the State, and was settled by persons from 
the Southern States. The face of the country is undu- 
lating, and in many places near the river quite broken. 
Originally one-third of the county was prairie land, 
the remainder well covered with walnut, linn, hackbeny, 
sugar tree, elm, ash and black and white oak. There 
are numerous fresh water and saline springs in the 
county. The coun / is very well watered. It is under- 
laid Avith limestone, sandstone, soapstone, and the Mis- 
souri buhr stone, is also found in some localities. The 
soil and productions are much the same as those of 
Palls and Lincoln, which, see for full descriptions. On 
the prairies the soil is a deep black loam, exceedingly 
fertile. That on the upland, especially on the ridges, is 
thin and more particularly^ adapted to small grain and 
fruit. Among the natural advantages may be named 
good soil for all kinds of grain and grasses — most kinds 
of fruits and vegetables, a healthy climate, good water, 
plenty of timber and coal in the western part of the 
county. Easy access by river to good markets. Popula- 
tion in 18G0, 18,338. 

PLATTE COUNTY 

Is situated in the southwestern part of the State, in the 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 141 

great bend, wlid'e the Missouri river changes from its 
southern to an easterly course. This county forms the 
southern point of the ''Phitte Purchase." The surface 
of the country is diversified "with forests of valuable 
timber and undulating prairies, the soil of which ig un- 
surpassed in fertility, and is generally well cultivated. 
The county is well watered by the Platte river, Brush, 
Eush and Bee creeks and their tributaries. In 1850 this 
county produced more hemp than anv other county in 
the Union, more wheat and better than any other in 
Missouri, and was surj)assedin the amount of corn raised 
by but one county'. One farmer last season raised SI, GOO 
worth of corn from 20 acres, besides feeding all his farm 
stock. A farmer extensively engaged in raising hemp 
informs us his average crop is 1120 lbs. of Chinese hemp 
to the acre, and that he can raise hemp on this land 
twelve or fifteen j^ears in succession Avithout manure or 
vest. For particulars as to hemp culture, and statistics 
of this county, see " Missouri As It Is," pages 307 to 
3G0. Population in ISGO, 18,495. 

POLK COUNTY 

Is situated in the south w-estern portion of the State. The 
topograph}^ of this county is agreeably diversified with 
rolling prairies, picturesque hills and wooded valleys. 
The surface is generally undulating, except along tho 
streams, where it is broken in many places by rugged 
cliifs and rocky hills. The county is very well watered 
b}"- creeks and springs. In the bottoms of tho Pomme 
de Torre, the remains of tho mastodon and mammoth. 



142 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

with other species now extinct have been found imbedcd, 
with the bones of the bear, buffalo, elk, etc. The most 
productive soils of the upland is on the limestone hills of 
the Sac and its ti'ibutaries, while the bottom lands or 
valleys of the same streams are unsurpassed in fertility. 
In some parts of the county the land is poor, and the 
timbered ridges too rocky and sterile for cultivation. 
Tobacco is a sure and profitable crop. The soil is well 
adapted to cereals, roots and grasses that flourish in this 
latitude ; corn, oats, wheat and timothy are considered 
as certain crops. Apples, peai'S, peaches and plums yield 
plcntifiiU}^. Grape culture would jirove very successful — 
Indigenous varieties grow in abundance. Owing to the 
want of facilities for transportation to market, (until the 
Southwest Branch is completed,) stock growing will 
probably be the most pleasant and profitable business for 
farmers. In past year.'; 2000 horses and mules have been 
taken to the cotton States, and a much larger number of 
cattle to St. Louis and other markets. Sheep thrive 
well, the climate being most favorable to their growth. 
There are four steam and five water power mills, two 
distillei'ies and four carding machines in the county. 
These remarks will generally apply to adjoining counties, 

PULASKI COUNTY 

Is situated in the south central pai't of the State. The 
country is generally broken — some of the hills and 
ridges attaining an elevation of from sixty to five hund- 
red feet above the water courses. The so called " post 
oak flats " are less rough, and some portions only gently 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 143 

undulating, and others too low and flat for cultivation, 
in certain seasons of the year. The most extensive flats 
lie between the Gasconade river, Eobideaux and Big 
Piney creek, east of the latter, and also upon the ridges 
in the northern part of the county. When this soil is 
plowed, it becomes more dry and makes good farming 
land. The vallej's, though narrow, are very fertile, 
especially the most extensive — called "Prairie Hollows." 
The valleys of the Gasconade and Big Piney riv'ers and 
Eobideaux creek are heavily timbered with oaks, black 
walnut, hickory, majjlc, elm, Cottonwood, dogwood and 
basswood. Some of the hills near the streams are also 
heavil}^ timbered. All kinds of building materials are 
abundant. Specular, sulphuret and brown hematite iron 
ores are found in woi-king quantities in several localities. 
Large quantities of saltpetre have been found in several 
of the caves in this county. 

PUTNAM COUNTY 

Is situated in the north central part of the State, bound- 
ed on the north by the Iowa State line. The eastern 
portion of the county is principally timber, while the 
central and western is prairie and timber diversified. 
The county is drained by Medicine, Locust, the two 
Blackbirds, Muscle Fork and Spring creek. The soil is 
very fertile and well adapted to all farming purposes. 
Corn is the staple product, but all kinds of grain 
flourishes. Stock growing has received considerable 
attention. Conl of good quality is abundant iu various 
portions of the county. There are 18 saw mills (five 



144 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 

water and 13 steam power), and three steam flonring 
mills in the county. Excellent openings for every branch 
of industry. Population in 18G0, 9,240. 

BALLS COUNTY. 

The general surface of this county is broken and un- 
dulating — about five-eighths timber land, and three- 
eighths prairie. The timber consists of black and white 
oak, hickory, elm, walnut, hackberry, sugar tree, ash, 
etc. As to fertilitj'" the soil may bo set down as above 
the average. It produces, per acre, corn, 100 bushels ; 
wheat; GO bushels; rye, 30; oats, 70; potatoes, 200; onions, 
300, and other crops in proportion. Timothj^ and 
Hungarian grass yield very well, while native prairie 
grass grows luxuriantly, affording pasturage from the 
middle of April to the middle of October. Saline springs 
in several localities. Stock raising has been carried on 
more extensively than any other branch of husbandry. 
Sheep raising would pay well. There are eight steam 
and four water-power saw mills in the county. The 
farmer will find good unimproved land at fair prices, 
well watered, timber or prairie, plenty of coal in the 
western part of the county; facilities for reaching 
market by river or railroad, etc. Population in 18G0, 
7,879. 

RANDOLPH COUNTY 

]s situated north of the centre of the State, bounded on 
the south by Iloward and Boone counties, which separ- 
ate it fi-om the Missouri river. The face of the country 
is generally level or undulating — about one-fifth prairie, 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 145 

with timber abundant and convenient to most parts of 
the county. Limestone, clay for brick, and building 
materials are abundant. The soil is generally fertile, 
and well adapted to all farming purposes. Some valu- 
able mill or manufacturing sites on the East Fork and 
Chariton river. Stock growing has proved very profit- 
able. Coal abundant in nearly every portion of the 
county. The county is traversed by the North Missouri 
railroad, affording excellent facilities for transportation 
to market. For early history of this county, in detail, 
see "Missouri As It Is in 1865/' pages 369 to 372. 
Population in I860; 11,452. 

RAY COUNTY, 

Situated on the north bank of the Missouri river in tho 
western part of the State, embraces a desirable division 
of prairie and timber land. The various kinds of oak, 
elm, hickory, walnut, maple, hackberry, etc. About 
two-fifths of the county is timber land, one-fourth 
bottom land, and over two-thirds tillable land. All 
kinds of grains, grasses, fruit and vegetables yield well. 
This county is admirably adapted to grazing purposes, 
being well watered, with an abundance of fine grass 
land range. Lime stone springs are abundant, and some 
tar or oil springs in the county, principally along Crook- 
ed river and its tributaries, and on the head waters of 
TVaconda creek. It is believed that rich deposits of 
petroleum will be found in this county. Nodules of lead 
have been found in coal banks near Eichmond, and 
silver has been found on Eocky Fork of Crooked river, 
o 



146 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

seven miles northwest from Eichmond, the traces of 
old " diggings " have been found in this vicinity. A 
number of coal mines are worked successfully, for home 
production. Several companies have purchased or leased 
lands, and are preparing to bore for petroleum. The 
St. Louis Company own 320 acres, near the county-seat, 
and expect to commence operations early in May. Tho 
Western Branch of tho North Missouri railroad will 
traverse this county. 

REYNOLDS COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of the State, bound- 
ed on the north by Iron and Dent. Tho face of tho 
country is rough and broken, and in many portions the 
scenery is wild and beautiful. The county is heavily 
timbered with forests of yellow pine, ash, hickory, etc. 
Some of the high table lands are susceptible of cultiva- 
tion, and the valleys and bottom lands are very pro- 
ductive. Many of the ridges usually looked upon as 
worthless, contain the proper elements to render them 
very productive orchards and vineyards. Excellent 
water power for iron and lead manufactories, mills, etc. 
Extensive deposits of hematite iron ore, and numerous 
beds of lead (as shown upon Parker's Geological Map,) 
exist in vai'ious localities. Turpentine, rosin and lumber 
could be manufactured here profitably. Population in 
1860, 3,320. 

RIPLEY COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of tne State, bound- 
ed on the south hy the Arkansas State line. Tho general 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURL. 4.47 

surface of the country is undulating, and SOtfie portions 
quite rough. It is traversed from north to south by the 
Current river, and also drained by Fourehe and Mill 
creeks, and other tributaries of Big Black and Current 
rivers. Some of the streams afford excellent unimproved 
water power. Clear, cold water springs aro abundant 
in this and Carter counties, and the streams are clear, 
cool and rapid. The uplands and ridges aro timbered 
principally with yellow pine and red cedar — the former 
growing to an immense size, offering inducements to 
energetic capitalists for the manufacture of turpentine, 
rosin, wooden-ware, lumber, etc. Besides the abovo 
named^ oaks, elms, walnut and hickories are abundant. 
There is an abundance of iron and lead ores, and very 
favorable indications of rich beds of copper. It has rich 
mineral deposits waiting to be developed... Population 
In 1860, 3,700. 

SALINE COUNTY 

Is situated on the right bank of the Missouri river, noaf 
the center of the State, cast and west, and is bounded on 
the northwest, northeast and east, ly ine Missouri river. 
The distance from whoro the river strikes the county, to 
where it leaves it -.t Arrow Ilock, is about 90 miles, and 
by an air Lno between the two points, but 32 miles. The 
surface of the country is undulating, and is about two- 
thirds prairio. The deficiency of timber is more than 
compensated by the extensive bed of cannel or bitumin- 
ous coal that underlies most of the county, and is gener- 
ally near the surface. The soil is exceedingly fertile, 
especially on .the bottoms and upland prairies. It is 



148 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 

well adapted to the culture of hemp and tobacco, hence 
for most other products. Some farms yield, per acre, of 
hemp, 1300 pounds; tobacco, 1200 ; corn, 100 bushels J 
wheat, 40; rye, 50; barley, 60; oats, 50; buckwheat, 40; 
potatoes, 300; turnips, 400; clover, 4 tons; timothy, 3 
tons; Hungarian grass, 5 tons, with a good return of 
apples, peaches, pears, etc. Springs, both saline and 
fresh, are numerous, affording excellent water for all 
purposes, agricultural and mechanical. Limestone, 
Bandstone, and lead ore exist in this county.. 

eCHUYLER COUNTY 

Is situated in the northeastern part of the State, bound- 
ed on the north by the Iowa State line. The surface of 
the county is undulating, and about one-third of it 
broken. It is all fertile, and susceptible of cultivation, 
about two-thirds timber, and the remainder prairie land. 
The soil and climate are well adapted to the culture of 
most kinds of grains and grasses, yielding as follows : 
"Wheat, 20 bushels; corn, 80; rye, 25; oats, 40; buckwheat, 
25; potatoes, 200; onions, 400; beets, 500; turnips, 200; 
hemp, 600 pounds; tobacco, 1000 pounds; timothy, 2 
tons, and Hungarian grass, 8 tons per acre. The North 
Missouri railroad will bo completed at an early day, and 
will pass through the center of the county. Population 
in 1860, 6,721. 

SCOTLAND COUNTY I 

Is situated in the north northeastern part of the State, 
bordering on the Iowa line. The surface of the country 
is undulating, and consists principally of prairies. It is 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 149 

very -well watered. The timber is principally oak, 
hickory, elni; etc. The soil is generally fertile and well 
adapted to farming or grazing purposes. For capacity 
of soil, etc., see description of Schuyler county. Popula- 
tion in I860; 9.351. 

SCOTT COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of the State, on the 
Mississippi river. In the northern and western part of 
the county the surface is broken and uneven, and many 
of the highlands and ridges underlaid with the same 
limestone so abundant at Cape Girardeau — so superior 
for building purposes. The soil on the uplands is in- 
clined to be sterile and thin, while that of the valleys, 
prairies and bottoms is exceedingly fertile. The south- 
ern portion is covered with extensive cypress swamps, ^ 
and where susceptible of cultivation is very rich and 
produces bountiful crops of corn, oats, tobacco, veget- 
ables and grass. Some as fine vegetables as are grown 
in the State were produced in this county. The county- 
seat has recently been removed from Benton, in the in- 
terior, to Commerce, situated on the Mississippi river. 
Population in 1860, 5,247. 

SHANNON COUNTY 

Is situated in the south southeast part of the State. The 
physical features of the county are similar to those of 
Reynolds county — generally broken and well timbered. 
The greater portion of the soil is well adapted to fruit 
and grape culture, and to the production of grasses and 
cereals. The valleys are generally fertile. The Current 



150 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOUBI. 

is a rapid stream, as its name indicates, affording an 
fibiihdance of water power, which could be improved to 
advantage. But few farms are opened yet ; and some 
portions have been looked upon as unproductive, yet 
there are farms which have produced, per acre, wheat, 
SO bushels; rye, 30; oats, 30; potatoes, 150; turnips, 200; 
tobacco, 1000 pounds, and an abundance of apples, 
peaches, grapes, etc. This county is rich in minerals, 
containing immense deposits of iron, lead and copper 
ores. Some gold has been discovered in hornblende and 
quartz rock, associated with magnetic iron ores — as yet 
entirely undeveloped. Copper ore, very pure, abounds 
on Current river. A boat load was shipped to Europe, 
some years ago, and sold in a crude state, at a high 
price. 

ST. CHARLES COUNTY 

Is situated in the eastern part of the State, occupying a 
narrow strip of land lying between the Mississippi and 
Missouri rivers, opposite the mouth of the Illinois — 
hence it is seen that two of the largest streams in 
America wash the shores of this county. The divid- 
ing ridge between the two rivers is rolling, and in some 
places broken. The bottom land is level, and exceedingly 
fertile — about one-fourth prairie and the remainder 
timber land. There is about one-tenth bottom land. 
The timber consists- of white, black, Spanish, red and 
post of.ks, hickory, walnut, ash, cottonwood, elm, hack- 
berry, linden, sycamore, cherry, dogwood, red-bud, etc. 
Of the upland, about two-thirds is tillable. The soil 
yields abundant crops of all kinds of grains, grasses, 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 151 

fruits and vegetables. Many portions are well adapted 
for stock gi'owing — affording excellent meadows and 
tamo grass pastures. The town of Augusta would be an 
excellent location for a woolen manufactory. All classes 
of business men, farmers and stockgrowers will find 
chances for profitable investment and lucrative business. 
Population in 18G0, 16,370. 

ST. CLAIR -COUNTY 

Is situated in the west southwest part of the State, 
separated from the Kansas State line, by Yernon and 
Bates counties. The surface is diversified and rolling, 
with a desirable division of prairie and timber. The 
soil is well adapted to most farming purposes, and ad- 
mirably adapted for stock growing. There is always 
an active demand, at good prices, for all kinds of stock. 
This county contains some iron ore, and indications of 
lead. There are in this county 10,000 acres of unentered 
Government land. Population in 1860, 6,256. 

ST. FRANCOIS COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of the State. The faco 
of the country is rather broken, less than one-tenth 
bottom land, and about four-fifths tillable land. It is 
an excellent grazing country, and stock growing has 
been the principal business of the farmers. Good crops 
of corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., are produced, also very 
heavy yields of all kinds of fruit. Admirably adapted 
to grape culture. Well watered with clear, strong 
springs. Of minerals, there are copper, iron, lead, 
cobalt, nickel, etc. All that is wanting is capital and 



152 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

enterprise for developing the the mineral resourcea. 
Mines are already opened in at least 25 different locali- 
ties. Available water power on the St. Francois, Big 
Eiver, Tar Blue, "Wolf creek, Back creek, etc. One 
mill been running on Big Eiver for 30 years. Five steam 
grist mills and three steam saw mills in the county. 
Iron Mountain railroad runs through the edge of the 
county. The Cook settlement is one of the best neigh- 
borhoods, and located upon the most extensive and 
fertile tracts of laud in southeast Missouri. Population 
of county in 1860, 7,549. 

STE. GENEVIEVE COUNTY 

Is situated on the Mississippi river^ in the east south- 
east part of the State. The surface is generally hilly 
and broken — the valleys and river bottoms fertile and 
well adapted to all farming purposes. This county has 
been settled for many years. The town of Ste. Genevieve 
is the shipping point for an extensive region of country, 
and is connected with the Iron Mountain Railway by a 
turnpike and plank road. The limestone and white 
sand from this county are of very superior qualities, 
and are shipped to considerable distances for building — 
and the sand for manufacturing glass. There are also 
extensive deposits of lead in the county, and indications 
of Petroleum that justify investigation. Population in 
1860, 7,199. 

ST. XOUIS COUNTY, 

Situated in the eastern part of the State, occupies' the 
point of liind formed by the confluanco of tlio Missouri 



THE HAUD-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 153 

with tEe Mississippi rivor, and contains an area of about 
530 square miles. The surface is undulating and pleas- 
antly diversified. The county is underlaid with a bed 
of what is named by western geologists as " St. Louis 
Limestone," well adapted for building purposes, as well 
as for the manufacture of lime. There are also, in the 
northern part of the county, immense quantities of fire- 
clay and hydraulic limestore. The soil is generally very 
fertile. 

The Citt op St. Louis — tho Metropolis of the Missis- 
sippi Valley. What can be said, in so small a space as 
this work affords, of this substantial, com.pactly built 
city — her numerous institutions of learning, and other 
public buildings, her hotels— two of which are unsurpassed 
anywhere, for size, cost or magnificence; her commo- 
dious churches, palatial residences, extensive manufac- 
tories, and all the varied features that combine to make 
up a prosperous and thrifty city of two hundred thous- 
and inhabitants ? St. Louis is built upon solid rock, 
tho buildings are all of marble or brick, and her business 
men as a class, are as firm and reliable as the immovable 
rock. Their business character, like their buildings, is 
based upon a solid foundation. Tlie citizens are gener- 
ous, hospitable, social, intelligent, liberal-minded, and 
need only the energy and enterprise of the Eastern 
people diffused amongst them, to place this city in the 
first rank amoug the great cities of this continent. As 
a manufacturing point, St. Louis has no rival in tho 
West, and scarcely one on this continent — as far as her 
natural advantages are concerned. With tho abundance 



154 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

and variety of all the useful minerals in their purest 
forms ; of fuel; of a good quality, at a reasonable price j 
of timber, in great variety ; of the adaptability of the 
soil and climate of our State to produce wool and cotton, 
and with the unlimited capacity of this great agricul- 
tural State to supply all kinds of provisions at a low 
rata, for the support of a dense population — combining 
in so high a degree all these natural advantages, St. Louis 
is destined to become an extensive manufacturing center, 
nor is there any good reason why this city shall not be- 
come, in time, as famous as Sheffield, Birmingham and 
Manchester, in the manufacture of metals, and of cottons 
and woolens, and at the same time proportionately 
increase her already extensive trade and commerce. 

"What are the facts respecting the growth of St. Louis, 
the past fifty years ? During that period the increase 
of population has been greater than the increase of New 
York city. This has been, too, during a period when 
she has labored against all the discouragements entailed 
upon her by the thralldom of Slavery. Now that Mis- 
souri is Free, and the new era has been thoroughly in- 
augurated, we anticipate for the State and for the city a 
bright, a glorious future. Assuming that the reader is 
coming to Missouri, then of course to St. Louis to pur- 
chase his outfit for farming, mining, manufacturing, 
merchandising or house-keeping, he will then see St. 
Louis as it is, and he will therefore pardon us for not 
attempting to describe in detail, in a page or two, a 
city to which, to do justice, would require a volume. 



TUE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOUEI. 155 

SHELBY COUNTY 

Is situated in the cast northeast part of tho State'. The 
general surftice of tho county is rolling or undulating, 
with one-fourth timber land, embracing oak, walnut, 
hickory and elms. About one-tenth of tho county is 
bottom lands, and probably three-fourths tillable upland. 
The soil is well adapted to tho culture of corn, wheat, 
rye, oats, barley, sorghum, hemp, tobacco, and all kinda 
of fruit and vegetables. From the abundance of nativo 
grape vines, this is evidently well adapted to grapo 
culture. Numerous coal banks along Salt river and Ten« 
Mile creek. This county is unsurpassed for grazing pur- 
poses. Good water-power on Salt river. Very little 
machinery in operation. Good flouring mills are great- 
ly needed. The county has a largo school fund, and 
public schools are generally well sustained. A salubrious 
climate, with an abundance of excellent land at low 
prices, fertile soil, and with all facilities for forming, 
stock raising and fruit growing, are inducements worthy 
the consideration of those seeking homes in Missouri. 
Population in 1860, 7,718. 

STODDARD COUNTY ( 

Is situated in the, northeastern portion of tho State. The 
northern portion is hilly and broken — the eastern and 
southern portion marshy and covered by swamps, to a 
considerable extent. This county, as well as Mississippi 
and New Madrid counties, which join it on the east, 
suffered considerably by the earthquakes of 1811-12. 
The up-lands are not generally fertile, however, produce 



156 THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 

good crops. The valleys and bottom lands aro very 
productive. There aro extensive bodies of cypress in 
some portions of the county, and tjie whole county is 
well timbered — embracing all kinds of oak, ash, hickory, 
black walnut, etc. Corn, tobacco, and all cereals grow 
finely. Bog iron ore abundant. First rate winter 
range in the swamps, and good facilities for stock grow- 
ing. Population in 1860, 7,942. 

STONE COUNTY 

Is situated in the southwestern part of the State, bor- 
dering on the Arkansas line — about three-fourths of the 
county timber land — ash, hickory, walnut and pine — the 
tillable land about equally divided between bottom and 
up-land. Corn, wheat, oats, Hungarian grass, hemp, 
tobacco, sugar-cane, timothy, cotton, p,nd all kinds of 
fruit yield good returns. Native grapes grow in abun- 
dance. This county is well adapted to stock grooving or 
raising fruit of all kinds. Excellent water power on the 
James Fork of White tiver. Crane creek and Flat creek. 
Grist mills, saw mills and carding machines needed. 
Some signs of lead ore, but no mines open yet. Climate 
healthy — land cheap. Good inducements for farmers 
and mechanics. 

SULLIVAN COUNTY 

Is situated in the north northeast part of the Stato, 
separated from the Iowa Stato line by Putnam county. 
The principal portion of the county is prairie, with an 
abundance of timber for all practical purposes. The soil 
is fertile and «,dapted to all purposes of agriculture. 



THE HAND-BOOK OF JJOSSOUIII. 157 

horticulttrro and stock raising. The connty is well 
watered, some of tlio streams affording water power. 
Stone coal is abundant, throughout the county. For 
particulars as to capabilities of the soil, see Grundy and 
Adair counties, adjoining;, on the east and west. Popu- 
ktion in 1860, 9,235. 

TANET COiraTY^ 

In the south southwest part of the State, bordering on 
the Arkansas line, is generally broken and hilly. It is 
watered by White river and numerous tributary creeks 
some of which furnish water power. The surface ia 
covered with forests of timber, consisting of oak, hickory 
and yellow pine, some of the latter attaining an im- 
mense size. The soil is betteradapted to stock growing 
and fruit culture than to the ordinary agricultural pur- 
suits. Both lead and copper are found in considerable 
quantities in the countj^, but no systematic mining done 
yet. T' .ere were, in March, 1865, 408,000 acres of land 
subject to entry, or to location under the Homestead 
law. Population in 1860, S,540. 

TEXAS COUNTY 

Is situated in the south central part of the State. The 
surface of the country is generally hilly and broken, 
more particularly adapted to stock growing and the 
culture of fruit and grapes than for general farming 
purposes, the soil being generally thin and sterile. The 
county is heavily timbered with pines, oak, hickory, etc. 
The valleys of the streams, though nai*row, are fertile, 
aiid i roducc good crops of most kinds of farm products. 



163 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

There were in March, 1865, 153,000 acres of land subject 
to entry, at $1 25 per acre, in this county. Population 
in 18G0, G,071. 

VERNON COUNT* 

Is situated in the southwest part of the State, bounded 
on the west by the Kansas State line. The surface of 
the county is undulating, with a desirable division of 
prairie and timber land — the former predominating. 
The county is very well watered, the prairies and valleys 
furnishing extensive ranges for stock, and being remote 
from railroads, stock growing would probably prove the 
most profitable business that cDuld be engaged in. The 
soil is verj' rich, and yields abundant crops of all the 
grains, grasses, fruits and vegetables that flourish in 
this latitude. Farmers and stockgroWers will find ex- 
cellent land at very low prices, an intelligent and in- 
dustrious people, and an abundance of coal, with indica- 
tions of lead ore and Petroleum. Population in 18G0, 
4,920. 

WARREN COUNTY 

Is situated in the east central part of the State, on the 
north bank of the Missouri river. The face of the coun- 
try is undulating — about one-fourth prairie, and the re- 
mainder timber land — the latter embracing the same 
varieties as those named in the description of St. Charles 
county, which joins it on the ca.st. The soil is generally 
fertile, and yields good crops of wheat, barley, corn, 
oats, sorghum, tobacco, j-otatoes, hemp, flax, clov'cr, 
grasses, and all kinds of fruit. The county is well 
watered with clear, cold springs and streams. An 



THE HAND-BOOK OP MISSOURI. 159 

abundanco of excellent lime stone, and some indications 
of iron and lead. Stock growing would prove remun- 
erative. "Wool manufactories and tan yards are wanted. 
The town of Augusta oifers superior inducements for the 
location of a woolen factory. With the Missouri river 
on one side and North Missouri railroad through the 
county, good land at fair rates, so near to the best of 
markets, are inducements not to be overlooked. 

WASHINGTON COUNir, 

The surface is generally hilly and broken, covered 
•with forests of the different varieties of oak, white 
and black walnut, ash, mulberry, locust, linn, cherry, 
sugar-tree, buckeye, maple, pine, cedar, etc., but 
no poplar, beech or chesnut. There is no prairie in the 
county. The timber is not generally so good on the 
bills as en the bottom lands. North of Big River the 
land has a grey or mai'ble appearance, with occasional 
exceptions, while on the south, the general surface is 
remarkably red, resembling some counties in Virginia. 
An immense body of fine timber, known as "Pino 
Ridge," extends about 25 miles east and west, with an 
average width of five miles, covered principally with 
most excellent pine timber — many of the trees two and 
three feet — a few nearly four feet in diameter, and up- 
wards of 90 feet high, straight as an arrow. Several 
saw mills are in operaiion, and companies have recently 
established works, now in successful operation, for the 
manufacture of turpentine, rosin, etc., for which there is 
an almost unlimited demand at prices that will justify 
the establishing of several similar manufactories. There 



160 THE HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

is tin abundance of excellent "water-power. Wherever 
engaged in, farming has paid -well. All kinds of grain 
grow well in proper localities, and fruit yields abundantly. 
Stock growing is very profitable — ranges unlimited. 
This county is particularly noted for its mineral wealth. 
The first mining done in the State was in this county, 
and mining has been continued, almost uninterruptedly 
to the present time, and, though some of the old mines 
have been deserted, it is hardly probable that at any 
locality, the mineral has been exhausted. As high as 
3,000,000 pounds of lead, per annum, have been made in 
this county, according to returns from the 14 furnaces 
then in operation. The county is traversed by the Iron 
Mountain Eailroad, and affords superior inducements to 
capitalists or men of small means, who would make 
fortunes at mining or manufacturing. 

WAYNE COUNTY 

Is situated in the southeastern part of the State. The 
face of the country is broken — probably not more than 
one-third of the upland is tillable. About one-third 
bottom land. The timber co^.sists of pine, oak, ash, 
sugai'-tree, hickory, white and black walnut, etc. Corn, 
wheat, oats and tobacco yield well, and meadow grass 
is not excelled anywhere. Apples, plums, pears, grapes, 
all yield abundantly. Lead, copper, and some other 
minerals abound in the county. Grazing very good 
east of the St. Francois river, and on the border of the 
swamps in the south part of the county. Splendid 
water-power, and good openings for saw mills. 



THE HAND-BOOK OF MISBOURI. 161 

WEBSTER COUNTY 

Is situated in the south central part of the State. The 
general features of the county are rugged and broken — 
well timbered with pines, oaks, hickory, maple, etc. 
The valleys and some of the uplands are fertile, and pro- 
duce good crops of grain, and the hill sides and table 
lands are specially adapted to grape and fruit culture. 
Stock growing has proved more profitable than other 
branches of farming, and has received more attention. 
The Southwest Branch of the Pacific Railroad, soon to 
be completed, will traverse this county. Both iron and 
lead are found in this county. In March, 1865, there 
were 193,000 acres of unentered land in the county, 

WORTH COUNTY, 

Was recently formed from the northern part of Gentry 
county, bordering on the Iowa State line, in the north- 
western part of the State. The face of the country is 
undulating and rolling — about one-third timber land, 
consisting of oak, walnut, hickory, maple, ash, elm, 
lynn, cottonwood, etc. The soil is generally fertile, and 
well adapted to the production of all kinds of grain^ 
grasses, fruits and vegetables — except peaches, which 
have been unsuccessful. Excellent grazing county. 
Flouringmills and manufactories needed. Lots at the 
county-scat will bo devoted to mechanics and manufac- 
turers, who will' bring capital and enterprise, and 
establish in business. Also an excellent site for a mill, 
will bo donated to any one who will establish a mill or 
woolen factory. 



162 TUB HAND-BOOK OF MISSOURI. 

WRIGH'S COUNTY. 

Situated in the southwestern part of the State, upon the 
hi^h table lands of the Ozark range, this county pres-- 
ents a great variety of surfaces, from the level or moder- 
ately undulating prairie to the rugged hills and minia- 
ture mountains. The soil in the valleys anc-l here and 
there on the uplands is fertile and produces very satis- 
factory crops. Farmers have raised good crops of 
hemp — say 1200 pounds to the acre; tobacco, 1,200; corn, 
75 bushels,-and other grains, gi'asses and vegetables in 
proportion. The gravelly portions of the upland are 
well adapted to fruit culture, and particularly favorable 
for grapes. Stook raising will always pay well. Lead 
ore has been found at numerous localities in the-county, 
but no mines opened, that have beea, reported. Popula- 
tion in 1860, 4y508. 



issouRi IS r 



FAKMS AND HOMES IN 



i! 



THE 

HANNIBAL 8l ST. JOSEPH R. R. 

OFFEtl FOU SALE 

OYEH 500,000 ACRES 

Of the best Prairie, Timber and 

SOLD, IN LOTS TO SUIT, FOR CASH, LAND 
BONDS AT PAR, PREFERRED STOCK, 

AND ON 

TEX YEARS' CREDIT, AT 6 PER CENT. INTEREST 

DEDUCTIONS.— 20 per cent, is deducted from long 
credit price for full payment in two years, and another 
DEDUCTION is secux'ed by paying Bonds and Preferred 
Stock. 

Land Buyers' railroad fare is returned, and they are 
charged only half freight on materials from Hannibal 
for lirst improvements on land bought of the Company. 

jg@°"Settlements in Colonies Advised and Encouraged. 

Pam))hlets and Cii'culars, giving full particulars, fur- 
nished gratis. 

SECTIONAL MAPS, showing the exact location of 
the lands are sold at 30 cents each. Apply, by letter or 
otherwise; to 

G£0. S, HARRIS, 

Land Commissioner H. & St. Jo. R. R. 

Hannibal, Mio. 



E. P. BABCOCK. WILLIAM BAHCOCK. 

Siammeriield, Illinois. 

ONE HUNDRED AND THIRTY ACRES IN NURSERIES! 



We respectfully solicit order for a full and complete assortment of 

FRUIT TBEES5 BOTH STANDARD &. OWARF, 

Clioice and ISTew Grrapes, 

SMALL FRUITS, in Variety and Quantity, 

Evergreens, Deciduous Ornamental Trees, Eoses, 
FLOWERING SDllUBS. PEONIES, DAULIES, h., k. 

:B -^ IB O O O lE^ cfe IB X=l. o.. 
Office— 38 Olive street, Saiut Louis. 

Fl®T@<lM.Plie AITIETI 

IVo. SS TV. Foiix-tli Street, St. Loviis, 

(Nearly opposite the Everett House ,) 
IS FREFA.R.BID TO E^CEOXJTB 

Likenesses of every kind, in the higliest style of the Art 

Equal to those taken anywhere iu Europe or America. 

FROM THE SMALLEST MINIATURE TO FULL LIFE SIZE 

Possessing all modsrn improvements in apparatus, the 

latest discoveries in the art, employing the best 

Artists, and using the ])ure8t chemicals, 

he can safely 

GUARANTEE TO EVERY PATRON A PERFECT LIKENESS. 



LA:^DS foe the MILLION! 



Improved, Mineral, and oilier Lands in Missouri, and the 
West generally, Bought and Sold. 

Lands Located by Resident Agents, from actual surveys, at Gov- 
ernment Prices, in any of the Western States ; Land Warrants bought, 
sold and located; Taxes paid; Plats and Surveys made, and Mineral Keports 
prepared; Titles perfected; Patents obtained from the United States Govern- 
ment, and all matters appertaining to Keal Estate and General Land Business 
promptly attended to. 

The undersigned, one of the oldest-established Land Agents in the West, 
having devoted much time and labor in compiling every requisite informa- 
tion relative to these matters, contidently asserts that those seeking valuable 
Agricultural or Mineral Lands in the West can not do better than apply to 

R. W. DUNSTAN, 

ISO. 44 PI]VK STI^EET, 

SAINT LOUIS, MISSOUKI. 



MONTICELLO 

SHELDON & CO., Proprietors, 

Cor. Sixth. St. & TV^aslaiiigtoii ^v.^ 

(Opposite the Lindell Hotel,) 



1^^ Those who visit Missouri to look for Land, pre- 
paratory to a permanent location, will be entertained at 
reduced rates. 



PLANTERS' HOUSE! 

COIilVER, OF 

Fourth, and Oh.esii"at Streets, 



The undersigned respectfully inform the public that 
they have leased this well-known and popular House, 
and^ having thoi'oughly refitted and refurnished it in 
every department; will endeavor to keep it as a 

FIRST-CLASS HOTEL! 

In every respect. From their central location, their 
past experience, and their determination to give satis - 
faction to their guests, the propiietors feel warranted in 
soliciting a share of public patronage. 

Yery respectfully, 

J, FOGG & CO., 

Late of Barnum's Hotel. 



MISSOURI IS NOW FREE ! 

And offers to the Immigrant, the Farmer, Mechanic^ 
Manufacturer or Capitalist unsurpassed inducements. 

The New York Jribune speaks thus of the advantages 
of this State : 

"Missouri is geographically and topogi'aphically the center of the 
American Union. Though surpassed in territorial extent by Texas, Cali- 
fornia, an<] some other ot the wild States oftlie West, slie has probably more 
arable sod than any 01 her State, Texas alone excepted. * * « So tertile 
is her soil, so genial her climate, so ample and various her mineral wealth, 
so abundant and excellent her timber, so admirable her profusion of rivers 
and streams, that she is better litted to sustain in comfort a population of 
ten ir ill ions than one of less number. Other forty-three millions of acres, 
a little over six millions have ever yet been improved, leaving at least thirty 
millions of choice lands awaiting the first quickening impulses of the plow." 

It is of importance to the new-comer to know where 
he can buy pro])erty to the best advantage. Probably 
the most extensive assortment of 

FARMS, 
UNCULTIVATED LANDS, 
CITY AND COUNTRY PROPERTY, 
MINERAL and PETROLEUM LANDS, 

Oflered for sale at any one locality in the State will be found upon 
the Eeal Estate Ekgistek of Sigerson, Bkinck & Co. 

They have — 

Farms, varying in price from $3 to $300 per acre. 

Uncultivated Lands, from $1 to $25 per acre. 

Large and small dwelling houses ; some very desirable business 
property. 

Having competent practical geologists in the field, we are pre- 
pared to make examinations and lurnish reports of all kinds of 
mines and mineral lands. 

(J^^Ttiey have unsurpassed facilities for procuring Patents from 
the U. S. Land Offices at Ironton and Boonville. 

Land Titles examined, Land Warrants located. Taxes paid, 
Notarial Business and Conveyancing attended to, and Money 
Invested in large or small sums. All business confided to us will 
receive prompt attention, and be considered confidential. 

All inquiries will receive prompt attention. Property registered 
free of cost. 

Commissions: 2h per cent, on sales over $3,000; under $3,0C0, 
5 per cent. No charge made unless the property is sold, unless by 
special agreement in writing. 

SIGERSON, BRINCK & CO., 

No, 4 Lindell Hotel I5u.ild.ing, JSt. Louis, M.o, 




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